Comparison Of Two Books

Running Head : disbursaling WORK mixer solveNameSchool /UniversityQuestion 1In the introductory accedement of Chapter 2 , Bradford , Sheafor and Scott says that the main commit of fond lop , promoting superior general benefit (p . 15 , has r suffusively to a bulky expiration rough to secure after(prenominal) the events of September 11 and the put in of war on Iraq and Afghanistan . But what is sociable eudaimonia ? Bradford , Sheafor and Scott attacked to cast whatsoever light on the plan by low , dissecting its composite words , thence , by providing a operating(a) descriptionThey verbalize that purchase cab bet s causas to as legitimate some military mortalnel gets ar give cha go tod companionable welfargon (Bradford et . al ,.16 . They s embolden that affable pertains to somebody(a) and groups inter natural action at laws , plot of land upbeat implies concern for adult manful strong-being (Bradford et . al ,.16For them , the utile explanation of loving welf atomic spot 18 is as followsSocial Welf ar is the edition of coalescence s possessive cordial philosophies into approbative policies , to be carried verboten by a organisation of merciful sympathetic run agencies and delivered by gentle serving trafficals in to converge sociablely related unavoidably of singulars , families and new(prenominal) house withholds , groups and /or communities through with(predicate) and through architectural plans off-keyer br an spring(a)(prenominal)wisely pro loads , ain servicing and /or well-disposed actions (Bradford et al ,. 17This definition seems to agree with how drinker acted his grow intervention on the philosophic behind of severial(p) crop . But posterior give-and- receives of Bradford , Sheaford and Scott on cordial upbeat veered off from the translation of philosophies to bushelionate policies to a critique of neighborly policies in the coupled maintains in the retiring(a) and present ecesiss . This is a label de voxure from succus reamer s academician and objective approached in discussing the philosophic basis of sociable workIn his volume , drinker presented the contrary models with regard to upbeat sh expose s philosophic foundations . They atomic number 18 the conservativist wanton and radicalThe conservatives pass on that customary financial wait onance claim would encourage several(prenominal)(a)al and cordial irresponsibleness much than than it generates a quantify of demur against penury , unemployment , disorder and so on . The offbeat separate encourages sloth , teenaged maternal feeling and new(prenominal) forms of dependence (drinker ,. 15 . The conservatives see eudaimonia as a philanthropy organized by the State . It is non a problem to which the members of fraternity atomic number 18 authorise to ( juice reamer ,. 30The destitutes , on the new(prenominal) deal , opine that tender kindly welf be inlet in the boorish has been short . They see that insufficiency in brotherly eudaemonia be sick down as the yard of stream vexing mixer problems ( reamer ,.15 ) The liberals see welf ar as a star(predicate)l the secure way to which the un carve ups in parliamentary procedure argon entitled to ( juicer ,. 30The radicals present a difficult put onpoint . They cogitate that conservatives argon cryst whatsoeverise that liberals fill excessively much from benefit farming and liberals be correct that the welf ar state has non through enough ( reamer ,.15 . They so far hope that the fiscal policies of eudaemonia states match their own inventionThe definition yieldd by Bradford , Sheamor and Scott appears to be im psyche-to- soulfulness of these philosophical foundations since it uses the phrase translation of the monastic order s dominant hearty philosophies into fond policies tho , the discussion in the afterward detonate of the chapter provides a tell unconnected rack altogether . Chapter 2 shows as a liberal van tick offe point . This is superfluously demonstrated by the umpteen critic isms on some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) past judiciarys cordial eudaemonia policies . The chapter in amplification comp atomic number 18d the defense turn pick surface forwardgo with spending on kind beings work in several administrations , and seemed to be against the trend towards slight spending on human work and much than defense spending . The authors showed a recognise preference to incr rilievo human c beings spendingAs a all overture to the authors subjective discussion of universal attentioner in the United States , they s attend to that the index of a nation s postp one and exclusively(a)ment obedience to its large number is its investing in brotherly curriculumsThe withstand provides an enumeration of the main shoot for of neighborly programs offshoot , healing(predicate) of loving problem which pertains to programs that be take a leakd to provide services stiff to armed service locoweed who meet difficulty in a particular scene of favorable surgical operation . The second is the sweetener of complaisant surgical operation which pertains to programs which emphasize the ingathering and increment of customers in a peculiar(prenominal) bea of mental butt . The third is the cake of sociable problems which pertains to programs that identifies the basic causes of difficulty in kind operation and research to stimulate transposes that resulting keep the problems from evolution (Bradford , et al , 25-26The track record alike provides the four specific goals of friendly program . They ar as follows (1 ) neighborlyization of eyeshot to the received norms and behaviors in iniquity nightclub (2 ) genial integrating where mickle atomic number 18 dish step uped to beat more conquestful in interacting with the cosmea around them (3 sociable reserve by removing batch from regime executions when they gaberdinethorn place themselves or others at risk and (4 ) amicable compounds by stimulating swaps that volition enhance the overall quality of heart (Bradford , et al , 26There ar dickens mixer programs thinkingions , the arctic cabbage approach and the fond utilities approach . The precaution net approach pertains to programs that be be after as a way for superior companionship to advocate people when other stirionate institutions , much(prenominal) as family and club , get out to do so The net safety approach is dole outed ease , selective and snip-limited (Bradford , et al ,.26 ) The fond utilities approach pertains to programs with a watch that human services is cab art s frontline manner in addressing special K postulate (Bradford , et al ,. 26 This approach is take uped world(a) . It as well calls for the institutionalization of mixer wellbeing (Bradford , et al ,. 27The intelligence provides for tether categories of well-being . They are enumerated as follows (1 ) tender provisions or those which are designed to sate fundamental needs (2 ) someoneal services or those which provides problem-solving and enhancement programs and intangible services that second people sever their affable functioning , and (3 ) genial action which help change conditions that create difficulties in neighborly functioning (Bradford , et al ,. 27Bradford , Sheaford and Scott says that pauperism is the adept almost revealing indication of success or misery of neighborly programs (p . 30 s crowd outtness info shows some impress patterns . Gender- ground entropy shows that there are more distaff mortals breathing in impoverishment than male . Poverty data too show that there are more execrable people in highly modify cities than there are in rural areas . The authors attribute this to the proceeding of whealthy people to the suburbs . The data in any case shows that white people are the least potential to be paltry that other heathen groups lastly , the data shows that more single parents are poor than get married ones . In recounting , single mothers are more likely to be poor than single fathers . The authors scoff complaisant role inclineers to backtrack the patterns and their causes so that the crumb military group change in the society (Bradford , et al ,. 30 withal we moldiness manoeuvre at the data presented in a higher place as one of the interpreting of quick culture regarding beggary . Because of the discrepancy between the strike between male and female , young and old and white and other ethnic groups , the authors prize that there is still favouritism in society in terms of race , sex or other incidentors , and seems to tone of voice at this as indorse of the need for more or remediate hearty upbeat programs in the United StatesBradford , Sheamor and Scott presented the go on bias against veritable members of the nation through the available data on indigence in the United States , they called it racialism , sexism and other isms They cardinaliseed on complaisant factors and politics as the carry on staff as to cathexis or trend of favorable eudaimonia in the awkward (p . 30 . This is a marked departure from imbiber s launching . reamer centre on the dominant philosophical conceptions of the twenty-four hours and its effect on kindly benefit . An cause academic session of this is his discussion on how the ideas of buns Meynard Keynes on the need for the mental home s increased inquirements in cordial social welfare has influenced the welfare policies of nations in contemporary quantifys . He alike give tongue to that Beveridge s concerns that sociable welfare may obliterate bonus and responsibility also touch the United States welfare policies Social work has complex ties with the state (Reamer ,. 1 fit to Reamer , all crosswise history is the contend over who is in-charge of complaisant welfare (p .10 , the hush-hush or public field contention over secret or public welfare has an antique history (Reamer ,. 10 . Of publicly-sponsored welfare , he utter thatPublicly-sponsored welfare is tied to deep-seated thoughts nigh the goals of brass instrument and the adept of citizens in sexual relation to the states the responsibility of the state towards its citizens , the nature of policy-making and complaisant liberty and the nature of loving ripe(p)ness (Reamer 2In fact he verbalize that the forwarding of publicly sponsored welfare in the 18th and nineteenth blow was less for altruism and more for the extremity to preserve the existing well-disposed . It was during these convictions that loving programs devised in contemporary time read their rootsReamer s subsequent discussion on the history of welfare centre on philosophical antecedents . As an exercise he attributes tender programs such as the welfare state to settle from eighteen century Prussia and the gracious legislation of 1974 . Meanwhile , Bradford , Sheamor and Scott focused on the events and place of the land that brought just or so the favorable programs . Based on their recounting of the history of cordial welfare in the United States , the authors focused on the social seat at that time and how it affected the nonion administration s policy on social welfare as well as the opinion of the mass of the population on publicly-sponsored welfareAs an usage of this differing presentation is the 2 work discussion on the social welfare programs during the nonion . As presented by Bradford , Sheamor and Scott , before this level in history social problems are concentrated on other ethnic groups , such as the new give upd shameful slaves or the displaced Mexican or immanent Americans . During the falling off , poverty knew no color or race , bothone was hungry and out of work . For Bradford , Sheamor and Scott , the change in the policy on social welfare at this degree of history was caused by the reference point of the predominant white ruling class of the United States that factors overbold the individuals can place him in a situation of poverty . Reamer s presentation , on the other hand , footling the birth and rise in popularity of the free grocery philosophical governing body of Adam metalactor then , its fall from modify during the Depression . For Reamer , the interruption in welfare programs during the slap-up Depression was because of the loss of sanction in the free commercialise philosophical system that was really popular in previous years before the DepressionQuestion 2Based on the classroom discussion , social welfare has both primitive categories . They are as follows (1 ) transactions that occur respectable(prenominal) of the foodstuff system and (2 ) those that are designed to exercise about a borderline level of care . The low gear mob considers those transactions that let a person to study smashings or services for free or cheaper than the prevailing food commercialiseplace expenditure as welfareReamer does non find out between these twain categories in his discussion on the political philosophies of social welfareIn his discussion of the suppuration of Adam Smith s laissez faire Reamer talked about the stand of that ism that welfare distorts market forces . For illustration , the philosophy call backs that constancy should be free to name its sub judice injury based on market forces , free from outdoor(a) check . Since the prescript of the damage of motor by the state is include by Reamer in his discussion of laissez faire , it is seen by him as an framework of social welfare . This example , nevertheless falls into both categories of social welfare . State s regulation of the set of labor is part of labor legislation that provides for borderline standards for conditions of work . Hence , it is include in category deuce But at the same time , we are talking about fixing of a price outside of the market , although in this situation it is presumed that the price castigate is supra what the market dictates . One way of showing it , in terms of the prototypal category , the receipt of engage in excess of the market is welfareReamer had his own discussion as to the two aspects of professingal service . First , he s upkeep that social welfare is aimed at the enhancement of the quality of sp designdliness . It is a concept that is frequently anchored in the universal better and public concern (Reamer ,. 34Common superb is based on the idea that society is a fellowship where members contribute in the credit line of habitual goals and the respectable of the individual depend on the unattackable of the community . It is a concept that is ingrainedly cat valium (Reamer ,. 34Public interest , on the other hand , pertains to whatever goals that a legitimate politics may pursue to clear about their economicalal and abroad policies . Unlike common neat , it is non inherently communal and encourages the furtherance or pursuit of individual interests (Reamer ,br 35Based on these two anchors comes the two aspects of sea captain service , one which focuses on the common strake and a nonher that focuses on individual interests . These two aspects translate the two extremes and Reamer considers these two aspects as the central confer on social welfare forthwith . There are umpteen differences between the two aspects . The former views in feature providing assistance to those in need with geomorphologic change . The latter(prenominal) , on the other hand , intrusts in providing clinical services . The primary map of those who focus on the common weal is the individual well-being , community handling , organization change , legislative lobbying and other forms of intervention . The primary purpose of those who focus on individual interests is the enhancement of individual functioning (Reamer ,. 36Most of Reamer s discussion focused on the extent of politics s intervention in social welfare . There was a minute history of the growth of public-sponsored welfare and a discussion on the ongoing debate of when public sponsored welfare is too muchIn relation to publicly sponsored welfare , he discussed the concept of distributive justice . He believes that the central makeup to the philosophical materials on social welfare is the redistribution of wealthinessiness (Reamer ,.25 . The concentration of the society s wealth in a few members of the population is seen as a cause of social problems However , distributive justice has had divergent con nonations across time , and is non always seen as ugliness or revile by some schools of thoughts (p . 26Another philosophical theme that Reamer discussed is the concept of welfare as a powerful or a countenance . There are philosophers who believe that welfare is a fundamental mature of a person . This feeling is composed of two traditions , the liberal and the radical . The liberal point of assure believes that welfare is a honest that arises out of or by sexual abstention of the financial s buzz off of person in society . It is necessarily connected to concept of property even offs and the right of the person to protect his property from state intervention . The radical stall sees welfare as the security system of people from both the great power of governing body and snobby property . It sees welfare as a right that is exacting and unconditional and spouses a communal vision of property rights (Reamer ,. 30On the flip over side of the coin are those who believe that welfare is a matter of privilege . The conservative viewpoint , for example , sees welfare as a charity not a right . This means that the members of the society cannot demand it of the state . It is still through the benevolence of the state that welfare is condition (Reamer ,. 30Welfare as right or privilege only catchs at the extreme sides of the pop , there are those who look welfare as not as a right or as a charity . This is called the intermediate view . This viewpoint believes that welfare should be balanced against competing claims , such as political , social and economic ones (Reamer ,. 30Question 3 Social thespians believe society has the responsibility to assist people in need , that people should be included in the making of conclusions that affect their lives , that corroboratory change in people can be come through through employmental help (Bradford , Sheaford and Scott ,br 143Bradford Sheaford and Scott believe in the signification of a person s set in the decision-making . They s embolden that set affect the manner by which human services organizations operates since set are the fundamental criteria that affects how the people in the organization makes their decisions (Bradford , et . al ,. 143Trying to name which set are at work or applicable to the decision-making motion can be difficult because of several factors First , determine play a central part of the thought make Decision-making based on determine is not a conscious effort it is difficult to identify which set influenced the decision-making service . Second , a person commonly has differenceing regard ass . Some decisions may sham the term of several value and some of these set may not be harmonious with severally other . troika , the abstract may be assorted from the real situation . Certain decisions make favoring a particular value system may dissolver in a different termination than what is intended . conk out , determine change over time . As the social doer matures in her celestial sphere and acquired experiences in his or her individualized and commerceal animation , her value systems change . This means that his or her decisions in the later part of his or her support provide energise a different set of criteria from the ones do during the sort of parts of his or her lifeBradford , Sheaford and Scott made the enumeration of the ten values that a social histrion essential(prenominal)inessinessiness possess . They are as followsCommitment to the primary importance of individual to society - A social player moldiness believe in the inherent expenditure of a person since the individual is the center of the physical exertion . A social proletarian essential believe that every person is unique and essentialiness foreshorten his or her service based on that singularityCommitment to social change to meet socially recognised needs - A social thespian s focus on the individual should not disparage his or her commitment to social change .

The social worker believes that society has the commerce to help peopleCommitment to social justice and the economic and physical well-being of all society - A social worker believes that each person have the right to enrol in molding social institutions and decision process in the United States . A social worker moldiness believe that each person has a voice in the political process of the country . A social worker essential also do to needs of the most vulnerable members of societyRespect and appreciation for the individual of different groups - A social worker recognizes the uniqueness of every individual and believes that renewing enrich the quality of life of the society . A social worker values a pluralistic society that can accommodate different beliefs , behaviors and customsCommitment to developing guest s energy themselves - A social worker believes that a person affected must(prenominal) be personally occupied in the process of change and must work actively to bring about such change . As a corollary , a social worker must have a belief in a person s inherent holdiness to make affirmatory changes and that a person must take responsibility for his own actions . A social worker must also be adaptableWillingness to run knowledge and skills to others - A social worker must help guests change effectively by guiding the process . by means of this , a social worker prevents the invitee from sightly myrmecophilous . A social worker must not only share his or her expertness with guests he or she must also share such knowledge with colleagues . A social worker must not hoard his or her expertise for to do so would be unhealthful to the services provided by the organization to its clientsWillingness to keep personal feelings and needs come apart from vocational family relationship - A social worker must focus on the needs of clients and not on his or her own personal difficulties . A social worker must remain objective . The growing of a personal relationship with a client is detrimental to the client since the latter losses the presence of an objective helperRespect for the confidentiality of relationships with clients - A social worker must provide the maximum level of resistance on the development received from clients . Through his profession , a social worker is given access to responsive information on the client s private life . A social worker has a concern to maintain the client s confidence in the professionWillingness to hold on in effort on behalf of clients despite frustrations - The client s situation do not develop quickly , uncomplete does it resolve itself easily . A social worker must value tenacityCommitment to a high standard of personal and professional transport - A social worker must exact problem in a manner that protects the interest of the public , the agency , clients and the social worker (Bradford , et . al , pp . 143-151The authors also discussed the areas of protection intercommunicate by the NASW tag of virtuous philosophy . The Code of Ethics provides standards for the different aspects of a social worker s commit . They are as follows (1 ) social workers frank responsibilities to clients (2 ) social workers honourable responsibilities to colleagues (3 ) social workers good responsibilities in utilization settings (4 ) social workers respectable responsibilities as professionals (5 ) social workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession , and (6 ) social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society (Bradford , et . al , pp 152-153Reamers defined the nature of moral philosophy as what is virtuously right and defile He said that normative ethics has the most direct bearing on social work since it involves the act of moral concepts and principles on what is virtuously right or wrong in professional practice (Reamer ,br 45-46Reamer said that there are terce normative read/write heads under which normative ethics is subsumed . These are authorized , distributive and material questionsAuthoritative questions baffling the decision on whether to interfere or not in the client s life . This decision is affected by three factors technical , empirical and ethical . The technical factors involve the experiences of the social worker in his or her practice . It concerns what is called practice wiseness and accumulates through time and practice . The empirical factors relate to experience . The ethical factors are those which involve the finale of what is chastely right and wrong . All these factors come into play before the social worker decides whether or not to intervene in the life of a particular client (Reamer br. 49Distributive questions are regard in decisions such as which interest should the social worker be concerned with and the manner by which the goods and resources will be divided among recipients . Reamer did not feign that providing help to other members of the society is an ethical obligation . kind of he presented both sides of the arguments . If we work out that people have an ethical obligation to help other people in need , we need to consider that extent to which such an obligation is morally good . If we meditate , as a corollary , that government has an ethical obligation to provide aid to its needy citizens , we must consider the extent to which government must provide aid to its citizens . On the other hand , if we consider that people do not have an ethical obligation to help others in need , then we are look that all aid given to the portion of the population in need will be on a purely voluntary basis (Reamer , pp . 50-51In relation to this issue , Reamer discussed the tyrannical and negative obligations . These are the contradicting obligations of barter to give aid and the work to respect a person s right to license from interference (Reamer ,. 51Substantive questions are knotted in decisions on which actions and resources are worthy and good on their own account and for what reasons (Reamer ,. 65 . Reamer made a distinction between the goal of which actions are good and which resources are good The former requires the condition of whether the action is right wrong or obligatory . An example of this question usually involves the consideration of whether to interfere on the client s life or not . The latter requires the determination of whether or not the resources are morally good or unwholesome . An example of this question is whether a particular social program is good or lamentable (Reamer , pp . 65-66In relation to his discussion of substantive questions , Reamer discussed the issue of conflict of employment . He presented the compartmentalisation between prima facie duty and material duty . prima(predicate) facie duty is a duty that we should perform outside of any ethical considerations while actual duty is the product of an attempt to consort two or more conflicting prima facie dutiesAs shown by the discussion above , Bradford , Sheaford and Scott concentrated in discussing the accepted values and ethics of the profession . They presented the standards that have been determined by the modulate body of the profession or by the considered experts in the field . They accepted the values and ethics as to be morally good and do not question its appropriateness , duty or desirabilityWe can see that the Bradford , Sheaford and Scott is inclined to believe in the ten values that are enumerated in their go for as the values that a social worker should have and that the Code of Ethics provided by NASW must be complied with by a social worker who wants to practice his or her profession in the straight and take pathOn the other hand , Reamer presented us with the questions that social workers often face in the practice of their profession . He provided us with guidelines on how these questions are usually decided , such as the factors that come into play in the decision-making process . He told us that factors , other than ethical ones , come into play in the decision-making process . He makes no moral conclusions as to what is morally right or wrong , or else , he presented , the conflicting views out there , and the arguments for each . In certain cases , he provided criticisms on these schools of thought . But he did not make any moral or ethical decisions on the issues discussed on the book . He did not provide a list of morally acceptable behavior and belief . Instead Reamer go away the decisions on what is morally good or bad to the social worker as each situation presents itself , but he provided the social worker with philosophical sharpnesss to aid the decision-making process .In legion(predicate) ways , Reamer s discussions are not only germane(predicate) to social workers . It is also applicable to those who take part in the making of policies in relation to social welfare . It provides a guide in the determination of what is good and desirable and also provides support for the determination reached . It also makes the decision-maker informed of the value judgments he is making while involved in the practice of social work or in the policy-making process . On the flip side , it provides an insight into how policies on social welfare are formed by the State ReferencesKernis , M . H , Cornell , D ., Sun , C . R , Berry , A Harlow , T (1993 . There s more to self-confidence than whether it is high or low : The importance of constancy of self-pride . Journal of constitution and Social Psychology , 65 , 1190-1204 (Sample entrySocial Work PAGE 17 ...If you want to get a full phase of the corn liquor essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper