Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay Example for Free

prostatic crab louse in Afri bear American Men sampleprostate gland Cancer is the gland below a mans bladder that produces fluid for se hands. Prostate cancer is customary among older men. Prostate cancer is a silent killer, and because it grows slowly, many men have no paper its there It is rargon in men younger than forty. Risk factors for developing prostate cancer take being over sixty five familys of age, family history, being African American, and near genetic changes. there is an estimated of 241,740 new cases and 28,170 deaths from prostate cancer in the United States in 2012 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Prostate cancer is the piece most common cancer among men, behind skin cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men especially in African American men. whizz out of six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. For example, if youre at home having a cookout with 11 of your friends, its likely that two of you at some point in your lives will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. and If youre an African-American man, those odds increase to nearly one in five.Prostate cancer affects African American men twice as often as Caucasian men the mortality rate among African American is overly twice as high. African American men have the highest rate of prostate cancer of any ethic group in the world. In the African American community men are at high try collectible to low socioeconomic status, and not getting cancer screening because of no health insurance. With the increased mensuration of men being diagnosed each year it is shocking that many men still avoid visit the doctor because it makes them uncomfortable and they are afraid of what the results will be even when some clinics give relinquish prostate cancer screening. While prostate cancer screening test can have defective results even when cancer is not present, it is important for men to have prostate screening done.prostate cancer is u nremarkably detected through screening, and there are two methods for early catching. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can influence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level.Another test for early detection of prostate cancer has been the digital rectal exam (DRE). Although, DRE is a better method for early detection, it is also a hindrance among men, particularly African-American men, to screening and early detection According to American Cancer Society (ACS) and American Urological Association (AUA), the PSA and DRE should be offered annually for all men fixning at age 50. However, they also recommend that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer should begin testing by age 45. Early intervention is the key to a 5 year choice rate. Prognosis of prostate cancer diagnosed at an early stage is illustrious as being optimistic. notwithstanding these credible statistics, take over prostate cancer screening and early detection remains a occupation area for many health cover practitioners when it comes to the African American population (Plowden 2009) Madeline Leiningers Sunrise exercise has been used in many studies over the past twenty years.Between 1999 and 2008, over 200 citations of articles were noted using Leininger Theory (McEwen, 2011). She postulated that nurses should attempt to increase knowledge related to the care of people who value their ethnic heritage and way of life (McEwen, 2011). The Leininger Sunrise Model of heathenish diversity is used to obtain conformation with prostate cancer screening among African-American men the goal has been to build a relationship of cooperation in the midst of clients and health care workers. Educating the men as well as examining their fears and anxieties is useful in removing barriers of resistance and gaining trust, therefore empowering the client (McEwen, 2011). The Health Belief Model (HBM) postulates a persons perception of disease threat and benefits of taking action will predetermine taking action (Rivers, 2009). The HBM is used to determine the African American male understanding of prostate cancer and to identify factors that would spark that population to seek screening and discussion of prostate cancer.The HBM has been used to design intervention to educate as well as facilitate entrance fee to screening and discourse (Rivers, 2009). Leiningers Theory of cultural care diversity is a middle background theory that is based upon the major concepts of culture, culture care and understanding the differences as well as the similarities to transcultural human care. Her other major concepts of transcultural care are, caring, and ethic views, the trunk of health care, the professional system of care and culturally congruent nursing care. (McEwen, 2011) The strength of Leininger Theory lies in the fact that it is a holi stic theory seeking to cover both the diversity and universality of nursing care concepts. Caring aspects in spite of appearance and between cultures must include the acknowledgement of the similarities and differences. The theory has been widely used within the credibility and put up ability of data gained from research (McGee, 1994). Because the Leininger Theory places emphasis on cultural sensitivity and cultural congruence, it can be said that cultural knowledge will improve care.However, because the approach fails to take into account a political and structural inequality of minorities and focuses on differences and deficits, it can be construed that the culture itself is the fuss. The possibility of reinforcing stereotypes and increasing the offer between provider and patient may actually make the care aspect less than culturally safe (Ori, 2005). Leininger Theory can be used in a wide range of modalities when considering the problem of prostate screening. When examining t he focus of this clinical problem i.e., how to get increased participation from a high guess group to prostate cancer screening, Plowden reached several conclusions that are applicable to todays practice for pressurise nurse practitioners. For example, African-American men were more likely to seek screening and participate in the treatment process if 1.) There was a perceived susceptibility to prostate cancer and that threat was perceived as severe in life threatening or disabling. 2.)There were perceived benefits to the screening such as early detection and accurate diagnosis. 3.) There were no perceived barriers. 4.) Sufficient triggers need to exist to motivate behavior (Plowden, 2009). When applying these findings to advanced nurse practitioners practices, it can be said that men in the high danger groups must first be educated on the risks of prostate cancer. They need to understand the implications involved with blow to be screened. Early detection and accurate diagnosis a re very important to the 5 year survival post diagnosis. Screening is essential to the quality of life for a person diagnosed with prostate cancer. For example, life style changes would have to be made after a radical prostectomy versus a chemo radiation treatment of a localized slow growing tumor. When health care professionals can successfully manage to remove or go around barriers, whether real or perceived, the goal of seeking medical intervention is improved.Health care professionals can attempt to proveed sufficient triggers so that the behavior can be motivated to crap compliance to screening. The advanced nurse practitioners challenge will be to first establish trust and reputation as a caregiver who cares and is approachable educate the population of the high risk group to the benefits of early detection versus late discovery provide easy access to screening and the do up phase of the intervention and maintain confidentiality.Peer group discussions with professionals ha ve shown to aid in getting better compliance (Plowden, 2009). The African-American males decision making process when considering prostate cancer screening is influenced greatly by cultural mores and beliefs. These cultural beliefs often lead to a lower rate of compliance to free screening versus all other races i.e. Caucasians, etc. Leisinigers cultural diversity theory can be used to effectively educate and increase compliance by teaching practitioners ways to overcome these cultural barriers. By following the concepts of care, caring, and understanding feelings of self, as well as the feelings of others, it is possible to overcome cultural barriers. flora CitedCherath, Lata, et al. Prostate Cancer. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Vol. 5. Detroit Gale, 2011. 3578-3584. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. LATEST RESEARCH Faster Prostate Cancer Growth In Black Men?. Prostate Disorders (2011) 31. Health Source Consumer Edition. Web. 7 Dec. 2012 Prostate Cancer. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations), National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. .