Reasons for choosing Christie's Education, your Personal Statement

Reasons for choosing Christies Education, your qualification,goals,and interoperable experience in the frauds or auction world - Personal Statement ExampleThis includes entirely is not limited to visiting museums, galleries, auction houses and out of the way venues that local patrons guide me to. I thought process finesse is the source of beauty in my own life.Art for me is not a mere vision. It is not a gratuitous answer to an invitation. Rather, it is a feeling or a reaction. It is personal and can but be shared with those that have the same keen understanding of it that I do. It is the ability to embrace soul elses make upation and yet crawl in that you feel at peace only with your own. It comes in so many different forms. For example, I enjoy all types of dance, from the traditional, to folk to ritualistic dribbleion. What elevates my ability to view and interpret art is that I do not need to find the artistic expression in whatsoever it is I am viewing, it shows itsel f to me. It is like a beacon in the night guiding me and I am compelled to respond.Indeed, I find myself usageing art as a my special form of communication. Art plays a vainglorious role in the expresion of my inner thoughts and in acknowledging the beauty in my life. From dance to music to abstract art our concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. Art has always allowed me to be as specific or as abstract as I wish. I also employ art as my own form of communication. I may not be able to express to a loved one verbally how I feel at the moment, but I do so through expressions of art. I dont know why this is so, all I know is that art is my comfort zone. Art has taught me how to communicate through creative expression. It has taught me how to undestand human experience including the past and present.As for my own personal interests, music, opera singing, dancing, poetry and sketching are just a few of the different forms of art that I personally em ploy to express myself and apply my

Technical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

expert Writing - Essay ExampleIt is threaded to attach to the housing and has a hole in its amount of money to slide over the shaft. A 1/8 inch hole in the side of the jacket crown allows air to enter the housing. The toe plate, fitted to the barrel, allows the exploiter to stand on it while operating the pump.The plunger consists of a rod, handle, and diaphragm. The rod is x 16 long and threaded at both ends. It has a 6 woody handle, threaded onto its top. The diaphragm, a leather washer, is secured to the lower end of the rod by two nuts on either side. The 18 hose screws into the barrel housing. The locking clamp nozzle is inserted into the hose end and is secured with a 1/8 metal band. The thumb chuck facilitates quick release for regular and high-pressure use.The user can clamp the hose nozzle onto the filler stem of the utility to be inflated, stand on the toe plate, and pump the plunger. If the item to be inflated is a ball or raft, the operator has to beginning inser t the filler needle into the nozzle clamp, moisten the needle and insert it into the navel of the ball or raft. Then, standing on the toe plate, he or she can pump the plunger up and

Evaluation of a Study Involving Faculty Development Essay

Evaluation of a Study Involving Faculty Development - Essay ExampleThis paper evaluates a scholarly journal hold in which 17 participants involved in nursing genteelness were interviewed in relation to their opinion regarding knowledge, skills phylogenesis, and the mix of teaching directly related to their in-house professional environment. There are many challenges involved with coordinating an in effect(p) EPR program that are largely due to the type of educational facility structure and current train of skills acquisition by teaching staff. The Studys Intention The research study consisted of qualitative interviews after(prenominal) the researchers selected a have population of 17 different educators with varying skills acquisition and level of nursing education experience. A portion of the sample consisted of full-time educators, part-time educators, and those categorized as clinical faculty members. The volume of participants maintained what was considered to be higher- level skills accessibility and were thus closely considered honorables in their field of education. The sample chosen was intentional to offer a cross-section of skills application to understand whether needs associated with faculty development were diverse or whether needs in faculty development were similar. ... An objective of this qualitative methodology was to ensure that individual respondents could coiffure their opinion of what constituted a peer in the EPR process as well as their vox populi regarding what tools would be best effective when designing a future EPR program. The goal of this interview structure was to nominate what practices might be ineffective for future EPR programs and also highlight what systems or processes might be most beneficial in a real-time teaching environment. As previously determine, by using expert respondents in the sample chosen, practice versus theory in EPR could be more appropriately identified. Thibault (2011) identifies that if fa culty development programs are not structured in a way that is meaningful to the educator, they are not presumable to be sustainable over the long. If the interprofessional teaching is regarded as extra or as something that faculty do on a volunteer basis on their own time, it is not likely to be sustainable (Thibault, 2011, p.314). This assessment by Thibault is supported by the selected research article as the participants in the study identified many different systems-based challenges that frustrated their educator development goals. Two of these challenges included frustration over not understanding how they fit within the system and lack of stability in courses being taught (Toth & McKey, 2010, p.56). The article provided results that clear indicated that there must be a sense of regularity regarding educational peer review programs with bare(a) room for flexibility in order to gain support or for the educator to find long-term value in the program structure. In general, sh ort of a few exceptions in the chosen sample group, there was a

Data Interpretation on Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Data Interpretation on Autism Spectrum Disorder - Essay ExampleThe selective information or results collected from various stated aspects collected were analyzed using synchronous statistics such as percentages and frequencies. It was mainly presented using charts and graphs. The respondents were supposed to maneuver the disciples name, school, age, sex and date. The number of times or female was chosen depended on many aspects. In this case the respondent was also expected to retrace the referred student and his or her classroom. Then later selected another referred student of a different sex and indicate the difference between the two. According to the data collected on the score of oral communication skills in the avocation aspects need for help, speech response rate, asking permission, talking while outside the class and clearly and consequently taking turns while speaking. The language skills of students are seen to improve in the last-place two weeks of the session. Th e skill on responding adequately while talked to is seen to improve in week three significantly up to week five. Students who took fragmentize in the skills session are seen to be possession of the asking for permission from the word go, that is from the time the language skills test session start. However, as they get used to the session the skills goes down significantly compared to other language skills determinants. In the second student the respondent shows that the student language skills are different when compared to those from the first student. The student ability to ask for assistance clearly has increased significantly from the first week of the session. The student train of having an engaging speech was perfect from the first week, however, it deteriorated in week 2 and week 2 then it shoots to be among the best language skills for the students. The clear language speaking skills are evident in last two weeks of the session. In this case the student the skill on respo nding while being talked to has shown significant improvement.

CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study ExampleThe research objective is a puzzle of goals you set for your marketing research. This is very important part of your research as it tells what do the tec hope to chance on and why is s/he carrying out the research. (Koch)For our research problem, the specific objective is to find out what chassis of customers shop at the store and what their preferences are, shopping style, shopping style, behavior and demographics. The outcome of this research will be used to design marketing strategy according to the needinesss of the customers, and providing them what best fits them.In this research, they should go for primary as well Secondary research. Primary research will be of prime importance they actually need information on customers characteristics. This information can be found out with the help of circumstantial questionnaire, interviews, and mall intercepts.The use of Secondary sources is also important because researchers will need to look at the recent resea rches done by the mall, and see a general buying behavior among the shoppers of the city or region. at a time you have outlined the sources of your required information, you look into the details of how this information will be extracted. In this scenario, we need to find the characteristics of customers who come at the mall. The research conducted will be qualitative as well as quantitative.The quantitative research will involve questions that need use of words to express. There will be very few questions that can be answered in a quantitative manner. By qualitative analysis, the researcher can find out the answers for every unique customer, his/her beliefs, insights, opinion, preference, experience etc in words. These things cannot be measured in numbers, they are unique for every human

Crash Cultural Identity Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crash Cultural Identity Assignment - Essay ExampleThe fact, that he was brave enough to fight with the guy, who tried to steal his car, became the evidence of the inner change, which had happened to Cameron.At the same time, it should be noted, that the characters put their cultural identity not only in their group, but they also want to be accepted and acknowledged in all(prenominal) cultural groups. On the other hand, the characters, who are supposed negative, as Ryan (the policemen, who has sexually assaulted Christine, Camerons wife) or the attorneys wife Jean, being extremely impatient towards any other race unless her own, also try to put themselves forward not only in their cultural group, but in others as well. Ryan not only wants to be the best among his co-workers, who are of Caucasian race, he also wants to appearing his superiority over other races, and thus make them understand his significance in terms of all races.The issue of cultural identity is shown to be manipu lated through the scene in the attorneys office.

Leading and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leading and Leadership - Essay ExampleThe term deal suggests a mental picture of what the future organization will look like (Leading and leadership). What is more difficult is to illuminate people trust your forecasts. This task is not easy, thus the chief(prenominal) purpose of the article titled Goals is to apologise to the leaders how to win people trust them.A leader must be energetic and smooth positive emotions. The team should consider a leader to be a winner no oneness would like to follow a looser. It is essential to make people aware of where the company is going and what the main purposes are. The success can be reached only through teamwork, it is impossible to reach the goals alone. The leader should remember several(prenominal) rules (a) it is essential to set realistic goals (b) the goals should be directed on the improvements (c) people should take an active graphic symbol in the process of setting purposes (d) each goal should be achieved through a thorough plan. When the vision is developed, a leader should share it with a team and it is the task of a team to build a strategy that will help reach the goals (Hackman & Wageman, 2005).In order to build a right vision, that it the more or less difficult task, it is recommended to use the principle of the economist Vilfredo Pareto, who encourages leaders to think not about the great way out of effects, but to pay more attention to the small number of causes. Some leaders fall into the condemnation wasting trap of going after the 80 percent of items that only aim a comfort of 20 percent of the total net worth. Your visions need to picture the 20 percent that will have the greatest impact on your organization (Leading and leadership).After the goals are already set, the next step is to make people achieve them. In order to make people do something, it is essential to inspire them. They should sack out what results they should have and what improvements their actions will bring. The lea der should be passionate, involve employees in decision-making

Aspirin Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Aspirin - Coursework Exampleration, a standard titration and a colourimetry experiment will be undertaken to determine the amount of acetylsalicylic acidulent in each of three commercially for sale aspirin brands (as well as acetylsalicylic acid created in the laboratory operate below). Back titration involves using phenolphthalein as an indicator, as well as the principles of the pH scale to determine how lots of the acid is present by using known quantities of a basic solution (in this case NaOH). colorimetry involves the use of iron (III) chloride, a strongly coloured compound, to determine how much of the acetylsalicylic acid is available by using a previously calibrated scale of light reflection and colour density. 2) (AS) Which purification manner is the closely appropriate and accurate? To answer this aim, we need to comp are the three methods outlined above, colourimetry, standard titration and indorse titration. We basis do this by seeing which produces the most con sistent precedes by adding the results to a chart and cadence the standard deviation of the results given. 3) (AS) Which type of titration (back or forward) is the most appropriate in this situation? There are two types of titration that can be used in this experiment. Back titration relies on the use of an excess of al-Qaida and reacting this excess with acid to determine the concentration. Forward titration relies on the acid + base = salt + water principle. We can see which mavin works faster and gives standardised results. 4) (AS) Which type of acid (monoprotic or diprotic or triprotic) is the most effective in the purification process? A monoprotic acid is one that can donate one proton per molecule during the dissociation process a diprotic can donate two and a triprotic can donate three. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is an example of a... There are true chemically proven ways to show the ingenuousness of aspirin, or the % yield of salicylic acid in these tablets. The first ai m here suggests that it is important to test the potency of several different methods, and this means completing at least two different types of test on the commercially available aspirin. One of the most widely used ways of test the purity of aspirin is known as back titration. This involves destroying the aspirin using a known concentration of an alkali. This leaves a certain quantity of the alkali remaining, and back titration then involves using a known quantity and concentration of an acid to help determine the amount of alkali remaining.Colorimetry is a widely used way of testing chemicals based on the principal of light reflection. In this case, the equipment is available in the laboratory. We need to use much than one different method to answer aim two.Chemically, it is always important to do a function of tests. In this case, part of the method suggests that each type of aspirin be tested three multiplication this will help give us a mean that is a more accurate result than the use of simply one test which could be false. Another important thing in interpersonal chemistry is comparison, and this is why the methods here suggest using at least three different brands of commercially available aspirin to show how much salicylic acid is found in these tablets. Repeating the experiment will as well as give a more accurate rate of reaction, which will help to answer some of the aims above.

Machiavelli the Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Machiavelli the Prince - Essay ExampleThe peoples favor plays a boss responsibility in ensuring that princes remain in control of the realm. The kingdom, therefore, offers a lot of challenges to princes in order to quench in power since lack of community hold up leads to kingdom loss to preferred princes (Machiavelli 43). In regard to this problem, Machiavellian has proposed variant ways in which princes and leaders in general should adopt to lollygag in power. The methods presented by the fountain are served to keep citizen support at all times both(prenominal) for the earlier leaders and leaders of today and tomorrow. However, despite the teaching of these methods in education institutions, most of the methods lone(prenominal) apply for the case of the prince. The methods are specifically designed as tools for the princes selfish welfare. In the book, the author presents the question, and responses have been developed to criticize the thinkers position, by means of various accounts presented by comparing it to the spartan approach of elitism. Presented Question The question presented by the thinker does not gyrate about what makes human veracious but rather what makes a compelling prince. The question has been perfectly answered by the writer through the practical application of the thinker ideologies. The ideologies are the methods that the thinker presents to the prince in an attempt to ensure the public remain on his side. The prince through the thinker must come up with stratagem to ensure loyalty from the masses, to keep the large macrocosm on his side. The issue brought about is that the prince has no regard for the human morality rather he cares much about retention of his realm. Critical Response The ideologies presented by Machiavelli can be regarded to be purely scientific. Machiavelli utilizes the sort system in which he treats kingdoms as the different species that have been prearranged into a political nomenclature. Machiavelli also provides worthy historical examples to back up his claims. He exhibits his clear knowledge of past chronological events and develops the whole business relationship through a clear argument. The prince has to uphold influence in his kingdom, and this necessitates the installation of tutelage into the citizens through various strict rules. However, while still maintaining power, the head has to take into thought the implications of the strict measures. The price has to install fear into the populace while still maintaining an unnecessary cruelty since unnecessary cruelty may work against him. The prince has, therefore, to offset between cruelty and installation of fear as well as show respect to his subjects to prevent every unnecessary rivalries. The matter presented through the analysis, brings into light the idea that Machiavelli observes modest value in love, as well as the loyalty, that it might acquire from the populace. Machiavelli has the feeling that rulers have the ob ligation of making their citizens aware of their say-so or powers (Machiavelli 38). The author provides that competent princes have to establish themselves in their individual control of their realm sort of of concentrating on other leaders. The author adds that the princes have to attempt to steer clear of annoyance through any means possible. According to these statements, the author conveys the message that the rulers have to stay compact although they ought not to invite hatred because

Strategic Fit between HR Strategy and Business Essay

strategic Fit between HR Strategy and Business - audition ExampleStrategic fit is basically related to a review of physical compositional resources in servant of the fact that the important aspect to profitability is not only achieved by industry selection and positioning, entirely also through a dodging that seeks to utilize resources and capabilities. Capabilities and resources, which have unique characteristics, are matched to develop a competitive advantage in the long run. Fit as Strategy Integration Fit as strategy integration provides organizations with assess criteria with which integrations transactions may be optimized for achieving production frontier before, during, and after integration. The strategy elaborates how well an organization can meet the merger criteria without compromising on performance achievement. Organizations under mergers cultivate and plans need to put into consideration smooth mathematical operations in merging deals, alongside maintaining su ccessful summation combination production through strategy. Strategy integration comes in handy to enable organizations to effectively deal added asset combination value and leverage positioning. Strategy integration, alongside due diligence, goes a long sort in maintaining an organizations profitability during mergers (Gleich, Kierans & Hasselbach, 2010, p.5). Strategy integration allows an organization to exercise more(prenominal) sway performance measures and value added integration, rather than mere integration that may compromise on performance. Backward strategy integration may be undertaken to enable organizations access needed raw materials from a more unspoilt source. On the other hand, forward integration strategy enables a manufacturing company to build a more reliable market to its products. The integration strategy also allows an organization to gather more control on how it sells products and services and pursue product differentiation to build competitive advan tage. The strategy generally outlines a force out perspective on what particular activities organizations should engage in with relation to its situations and visions to achieve increased profitability and success (Tan, 2002, p.48). The processes enable an organization to evaluate viability of mergers prior to proceeding with the transactions. More so, the process seeks to establish best practices that would enable growth, improvement, and attainment of better profitability prospects, alongside possible performance success obstacle identification and elimination. Strategic fit basically enables organizations to successfully launch merger integration amidst continued present successes, value added asset combination, and long-term performance success. Through strategic fit, organizations are able to optimize available technologies, gracious resources, and operation systems. Fit as an Ideal Practice Strategic fit is the best practice between human resource and business, although a nu mber of practices may still be wanting for an organization. The human resource is wide actualized for its commitment and competencies that need to be governed by strategic focus that forms the best practice available. Through strategy, the organization is able to actualize its potentials with regards to complexities and multiple dimensions involvement of organizational human resource capabilities matched with available resources. Considering

Long-term Sources of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Long-term Sources of Finance - Essay characterHence to meet the requirement of long-term capital, there are long-terms sources of finance which the business should seek for ensuring viability in their operations. Main sources are equity, debt and derivatives. While equity comes from look at capital from the public and promoters, debt finance and derivatives can be procured in the form of debentures,, convertible nones, warrants etc.The share holders acquire right of ownership in the alliance by which they are empower to share of profits, to vote in general meeting to elect and discharge directors and pass or reject important resolutions concerning the comp eithers management. In fountain of liquidation of company due to loss, the share holders may lose their money invested the shares of the company or in part in accordance with the companys runniness position. Ordinary share form bulk of the companys capital having no special rights over the other shares. As already mentioned , in case of liquidation, the medium share will rank last for being give after all other liabilities of the company are met. The management of the company may decide not to pay dividends in any one or more years for reasons of losses or any such reason. Most important feature of share form investment is that the share holders liabilities are particular to the value of their shares and they will not be called upon to pay more than that in case of losses incurred by the company...Thi choice SharesThis type of shares carries a right of dividend over ordinary share holders above discussed. The dividend is generally a strict amount every year whether there is profit or not earned by the company. At the time of liquidation also, the preference share holders are paid before ordinary share holders. Preference share holders do not corroborate voting rights but it may be exercised in case of failure to pay dividends to them. Several types of preference shares as follows. a) Participating preference shares. These share are entitled to additional dividends which may fluctuate as per profits earned by the company. b) Cumulative preference shares. If in any particular year, dividends are not paid, they are carried over and cumulative of such dividends is paid in subsequent years. c) Non-cumulative preference shares. They are so called as are not entitled to accumulate arrears of dividends. d) cashable preference shares. Company can redeem these shares and pay the owners a redemption price usually compulsive above the par value in order to compensate them for untimely redemption. e) Convertible preference shares. Holders of theses shares have an option to convert them into other types of shares usually ordinary shares. This form of investment being less risky, carries lesser returns than ordinary shares which may be eligible for higher dividends in case of abnormal profits. Practical instance of above said shares is taken from the Annual Report of M/S Reckittenkisser , Uk for 2004-05. The Annual Report says that kick upstairs company holds 4,500,000 nos 5% cumulative preference shares. The rights and restrictions of these shares are mentioned in note 16 to the report. Number of ordinary shares at the book price of m76 as at 31 December 2005, is mentioned as 722,160,934. as against

Psychological Testing and Assessment Selection Paper Research

Psychological Testing and appraisal Selection - Research Paper ExampleAn expectancy table provides an indication or prediction of the orifice that the scores of a person taking test will lie within interval on the measuring criterion that qualify categorization as failing, passing or acceptable. For instance, an expectancy table employ in experimental test on personnel in an employment view may exhibition that the higher the score of a worker on a new test is a prelim that the worker may be gain approval as successful. Commonly used expectancy tables imply Naylor-Shine tables and Taylor-Russell tables (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturman, 2013).Decision theory and test utility are another combination or resources that can sustain a counselor select a psychological test or assessment. Decision theory provides guidelines for setting cutoff point for particular scores recorded from tests. Another tool that counselors can use in selecting a psychological test or assessment is the Brogden-Cr onbach-Glaser formula (Ployhart & MacKenzie, 2011). This is mostly useful in figure the amount of dollar of utility retrievable from the use of particular instrument selected under a wedded condition.A counselor selecting a psychological test for a client needs to consider the intravenous feeding issues that include difficult-index of an decimal point, reliability and validity indices of pointednesss and discrimination index. To determine an items difficulty index, one has to take aim the proportion of the number of test takers that answered an item in correct way. Usu every(prenominal)y, a lower case p helps in denoting item difficulty with subscript to show an items number. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturman (2013) educate that the value of item index can range from zero incase everyone failed the item and one incase everyone passed the item. The larger the item difficulty index, the easier is the item, and the smaller the item difficulty index, the tougher the item. Easier items s cored by all people and difficult items failed by all test takers are inappropriate

Understanding Cultural Differences in Successful Global Businesses Essay

Understanding Cultural Differences in Successful Global Businesses - demonstrate ExampleUnderstanding Cultural Differences in Successful Global BusinessesThis paper shall discuss the thesis that sagacity cultural differences is fundamental to success in global business. This paper shall first discuss the common differences evident in various corporations and businesses. Secondly, it shall then review how corporations atomic number 18 dealing with these differences. Thirdly, a deeper taking into custody of cultural differences and how they involve on successful global businesses will be presented. Lastly, this essay will provide a summary and conclusion of the discussion. This article is being carried out in order to establish a clear and deeper understanding of globalization as well as the impact of cultural differences in parity to this phenomenon. Body In the current business context, cultural differences have a significant impact on the way businesses are carried out. Cultu re refers to shared values which impact on perceptions, attitudes, as well as responses. These qualities are genuinely much apparent in the workplace and marketplace. Language is one of the main elements of culture and although English is considered the frequent lyric, not all states speak it. Despite the universality of English however, corporations have sought to expand their expression functionality, noting the marked increase in the number of languages being used in the business world, including Chinese, Spanish, and Japanese. For most world-wide companies, most of them have understood that in order to be globally competent, they need to establish at least two versions of their websites. Japanese companies, for example, have adopted two versions of their websites one in their native language and another one in English (Scholtens and Dam, 2007). Through these adjustments, these companies have managed to be accessible to their country and to the outside(a) community. Hofste de (1980) discusses how other elements of culture also impact on the effective globalisation of businesses. These elements include tycoon distance, perplexity turning away, exclusiveism, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Power distance refers to the extent by which the less powerful members of society accept power (Hofstede, 1980). Cultures of Japan, Asian, and other Latin countries have high power distance relationships, however, this is low for the Nordic, Anglo, and German cultures (Robbins and Stylianou, 2008). Uncertainty avoidance is seen based on how people adjust to uncertainties, with some cultures having weak unbelief avoidance and others having strong doubtfulness avoidance. The Anglo and Nordic areas are known to have weak uncertainty avoidance, and the Latin, German, Asian, and Japan cultures have strong uncertainty avoidance (Robbins and Stylianou, 2008). As for individualism and collectivism, those which are individualistic are usually those who stick to r ights of privacy and individual freedom for those with collectivist cultures, their press is often controlled by the state and private lives are within humanity realms of interest (Robbins and Stylianou, 2008). Anglo, Nordic, Latin, and German cultures portray individualist qualities, while Asian cultures have collectivist cultures. In relation to gender divisions, the masculine-dominated cultures are those which have aggressive and assertive males and have strong material success goals on the other hand, feminine cultures tend to focus on preservation, conservation, and sympathy for the weak (Robbins and Styl

Popular Music, Youth and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Popular Music, Youth and Education - rise ExampleIt is not very difficult for the present generations to identify themselves with the existing trend of popular medication because of the existing trend, its mass appeal and flexibility. In this essay we are going to discuss how popular melody appeals to the present generation and how it can be used in the field of education. Ben High more(prenominal), author of his book name A Passion for Cultural Studies gives us an insightful background of his research on how culture influences us by infiltrating into our daily lives. He uses the aspect of culture in trying to convey key ideas base on various theories that are vital to cultural studies. He disseminates the complex problems that arise due to the figure of migration, the change of taste among people, the attraction towards different commodities. According to Highmore culture can move you, get chthonian your skin and stir up your emotions. (Ben Highmore, 2009) In his book he spea ks of passions that were most prominent during the 18th deoxycytidine monophosphate (Ben Highmore, 2009) and stated that it referred to different phenomena such as fear, pride, sympathy, jealousy and many other specific feelings that helped to describe the more experiential world around us and it is these passions that has helped us analyze different theories against a cultural backdrop.

MBA - business Startegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MBA - business Startegy - Essay ExampleIn todays world, a company throw out have its head office in London, the main production facility in China, the research laboratories in Germany and the support centre in Pakistan. At the same time, the individuals working for the company in different locations argon likely to come from different cultures, have different logistical needs and they may even collect different management policies (Hollinshead and Leat, 1995). While it may seem complicated, these elements are just some of the basic concerns of a modern MNE (Johnson et. al., 2005). However, it must be noted that the functioning of the company may be much simpler than comparative degree companies in the past and the size of the company can genuinely be tiny compared to the global organisations of the past.The cyberspace is certainly a great tool which allows relatively miniscule companies to come face to face with large players in the market. A company can have less than ten emplo yees, work only with a capital of a few million and yet have a logistics and supply chain establishment which works better than giants such as BP. Margulius (2006) presents several examples of how companies can use information technology to mend their position in competing with larger companies on the basis of their created supply chains. This certainly complicates the organisation of the company since any individual is a key decision maker but at the same time, it lets the MNE be much agile in terms of conducting business across the world.For example, a very small company such as Oriel wine-coloureds was the subject of the cast study by Chozich (2005) who showed that a producer and supplier of wine could used the internet to give their clients an image of a company which seems to be much larger than it actually is with a supply chain that runs from California to Germany and as far as Japan. The company is simple in structure, but the organisation of such an effort depends on several very complicated technologies which work

Children and Young people Essay Example for Free

Children and Young lot essayTraditionally the ratified the legal senesce of adulthood was 21 but in the past 20-30 historic period most jurisdictions have lowered this age to 18. Article 1 of the Convention on the rights of the kid (CROC) states that anyone nether the age of 18 is child. Also the Children and unfledged mortals (c ar and protection) Act 1998 (NSW) defines a little person as someone aged between 16-18. These definitions are important because laws treat children and young people otherwise to adults. Before the late 19th century children committing criminal acts were treated in the same way as adult offenders. The concept of an age before which a person could not be held criminally obligated -doli incapax did not exist, and children as young as seven were convicted of serious criminal offences. There were cardinal momentous events in the 1980s that advanced the rights of children and young people internationally and in common law countries.The two eve nts were the signature of the United Nations Convention on the rights of child (CROC) and the Gillick case. The Convention on the rights of the child (1989) sets verboten a comprehensive set of rights for all children and young people. These rights cover civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech health Authority (1985) was a rear of Lords purpose. The department of health and Social Security has distributed a flyer advising doctors that they could lawfully provide contraception and advice to persons under 16 years old with come forth parents consent. The mother of 5 daughters brought and action against the health authority and the DHSS based on her belief that a child under 16 was too young to make such decision without agnatic consent.The coquet of appeal allowed Mrs Gillicks appeal and took the matter to the House of Lords with affirmed the appeal on the basis that 16 years old was capable of consent in checkup matters provided that she has sufficient meeting and intelligence to derive fully what is proposed. In other worlds children have the rights and king to make decisions to affect their lives and they sack up do so competently as long as they understand the implications of their decisions Childrens have the right to education and is compulsory for children aged 6-15 to attend school under the grooming Act 1990(NSW) Under section 22 of this Act, parents must send their children to a government or non-government prepare registered with the NSW board of studies.There is no minimum legal age limit for young workers according to the delegacy of industrial relations in NSW however if they are under 15 they must receive bureau from the NSW Department of Education and Training to leave school. Young people in workplace are cover by all the relevant workplace and safety regulation for workers in NSW. The High Court of Australia followed the decision in the Gillick case and stated that once a person has sufficient maturity and intelligence to understand what is proposed she or he is capable of consenting to medical treatment. Parents have the responsibility to seek proper medical cared for their children even if they have religious objections. The children and Young Persons (Care and protection) Act 1998 (NSW) section 174 authorise a medical practician to carry out emergency treatment on a child or young persons without parental consents.Young people do not have the right to leave their parents home before 18 however the law would not normally puff young people over 16 to dwell at home against their wishes. Children and young people are protected from discrimination on the basis of age by the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW). This act also outlaws discrimination on the basis of sex, race, and sexuality. The Convention of the rights of the child (CROC) is a legal tool which has been important in putting the rights of children on the global agenda. Once a nation has signed and ratified a treaty the United Nations committee structure monitors and reports on the finis to which hat nation is complying with its international obligation, the committees limitation is that it has no coercive powers.Another legal mechanism is the childrens court. Across NSW there are 13 childrens magistrates siting in seven specialists childrens court there also five childrens registrar appointed under the childrens court Act 1998(NSW) to assist in administration of matters before the court. Trade unions are organisations of workers who act together to nurse their rights to good working condition. The Australian council of trade unions (ACTU) provides information about pay and conditions, health and safety issues, apprentice- ships and cookery and negotiating employment contracts for young people entering the workforce for the first time. Trade unions are a Non-Legal mechanism for protecting rights of children and young people. The kids Helpline are just one of the many organisations from which children and young people in crisis can seek advice. It is a non-legal mechanism just like trade unions.It offers 24hr free telephone and online counselling. If children and young people come into contact with the criminal justice system, it usually through interaction with a police police officer when macrocosm arrested or questions about some matter. Seventy eight per cent of the 843 children and young people surveyed verbalise that the police rarely treated young people with sufficient respect. It could be argued that children and young people l on the whole do not have good relationship with the police. Young people are frequently targeted for police intervention for lacking respect or simply for being young and out in the public. Children around the world are exploited and abused where the laws of their countries fail to offer protections to them.There are approximately 250 million child labourers worldwide. In 2007 it was estimated there were a s many as 300 000 children and young people involved in armed conflict with up to 100000 of these believed to be in Africa. In countries ravaged by war and famine children lack the protection normally afforded to them within the family. Very recently in Australia children sat in immigration detention centres having broken no laws, as a entrust of the previous federal governments punitive laws relating to asylum seekers.In other countries minors are still being executed for the crimes they have committed The rights on children have come a long way. Australian legislation has established processes and institutions to recognise and protect the important role that children and young people play in out in our society. There is still cause for great concern about the exploitation and abuse of children internationally. The force of international law relies on the domestic measures taken to implement the rights contained in treaties such CROC and the pressure brought to cede by parties n ot only by treaty based human right committees.

Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay Example for Free

prostatic crab louse in Afri bear American Men sampleprostate gland Cancer is the gland below a mans bladder that produces fluid for se hands. Prostate cancer is customary among older men. Prostate cancer is a silent killer, and because it grows slowly, many men have no paper its there It is rargon in men younger than forty. Risk factors for developing prostate cancer take being over sixty five familys of age, family history, being African American, and near genetic changes. there is an estimated of 241,740 new cases and 28,170 deaths from prostate cancer in the United States in 2012 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Prostate cancer is the piece most common cancer among men, behind skin cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men especially in African American men. whizz out of six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. For example, if youre at home having a cookout with 11 of your friends, its likely that two of you at some point in your lives will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. and If youre an African-American man, those odds increase to nearly one in five.Prostate cancer affects African American men twice as often as Caucasian men the mortality rate among African American is overly twice as high. African American men have the highest rate of prostate cancer of any ethic group in the world. In the African American community men are at high try collectible to low socioeconomic status, and not getting cancer screening because of no health insurance. With the increased mensuration of men being diagnosed each year it is shocking that many men still avoid visit the doctor because it makes them uncomfortable and they are afraid of what the results will be even when some clinics give relinquish prostate cancer screening. While prostate cancer screening test can have defective results even when cancer is not present, it is important for men to have prostate screening done.prostate cancer is u nremarkably detected through screening, and there are two methods for early catching. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can influence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level.Another test for early detection of prostate cancer has been the digital rectal exam (DRE). Although, DRE is a better method for early detection, it is also a hindrance among men, particularly African-American men, to screening and early detection According to American Cancer Society (ACS) and American Urological Association (AUA), the PSA and DRE should be offered annually for all men fixning at age 50. However, they also recommend that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer should begin testing by age 45. Early intervention is the key to a 5 year choice rate. Prognosis of prostate cancer diagnosed at an early stage is illustrious as being optimistic. notwithstanding these credible statistics, take over prostate cancer screening and early detection remains a occupation area for many health cover practitioners when it comes to the African American population (Plowden 2009) Madeline Leiningers Sunrise exercise has been used in many studies over the past twenty years.Between 1999 and 2008, over 200 citations of articles were noted using Leininger Theory (McEwen, 2011). She postulated that nurses should attempt to increase knowledge related to the care of people who value their ethnic heritage and way of life (McEwen, 2011). The Leininger Sunrise Model of heathenish diversity is used to obtain conformation with prostate cancer screening among African-American men the goal has been to build a relationship of cooperation in the midst of clients and health care workers. Educating the men as well as examining their fears and anxieties is useful in removing barriers of resistance and gaining trust, therefore empowering the client (McEwen, 2011). The Health Belief Model (HBM) postulates a persons perception of disease threat and benefits of taking action will predetermine taking action (Rivers, 2009). The HBM is used to determine the African American male understanding of prostate cancer and to identify factors that would spark that population to seek screening and discussion of prostate cancer.The HBM has been used to design intervention to educate as well as facilitate entrance fee to screening and discourse (Rivers, 2009). Leiningers Theory of cultural care diversity is a middle background theory that is based upon the major concepts of culture, culture care and understanding the differences as well as the similarities to transcultural human care. Her other major concepts of transcultural care are, caring, and ethic views, the trunk of health care, the professional system of care and culturally congruent nursing care. (McEwen, 2011) The strength of Leininger Theory lies in the fact that it is a holi stic theory seeking to cover both the diversity and universality of nursing care concepts. Caring aspects in spite of appearance and between cultures must include the acknowledgement of the similarities and differences. The theory has been widely used within the credibility and put up ability of data gained from research (McGee, 1994). Because the Leininger Theory places emphasis on cultural sensitivity and cultural congruence, it can be said that cultural knowledge will improve care.However, because the approach fails to take into account a political and structural inequality of minorities and focuses on differences and deficits, it can be construed that the culture itself is the fuss. The possibility of reinforcing stereotypes and increasing the offer between provider and patient may actually make the care aspect less than culturally safe (Ori, 2005). Leininger Theory can be used in a wide range of modalities when considering the problem of prostate screening. When examining t he focus of this clinical problem i.e., how to get increased participation from a high guess group to prostate cancer screening, Plowden reached several conclusions that are applicable to todays practice for pressurise nurse practitioners. For example, African-American men were more likely to seek screening and participate in the treatment process if 1.) There was a perceived susceptibility to prostate cancer and that threat was perceived as severe in life threatening or disabling. 2.)There were perceived benefits to the screening such as early detection and accurate diagnosis. 3.) There were no perceived barriers. 4.) Sufficient triggers need to exist to motivate behavior (Plowden, 2009). When applying these findings to advanced nurse practitioners practices, it can be said that men in the high danger groups must first be educated on the risks of prostate cancer. They need to understand the implications involved with blow to be screened. Early detection and accurate diagnosis a re very important to the 5 year survival post diagnosis. Screening is essential to the quality of life for a person diagnosed with prostate cancer. For example, life style changes would have to be made after a radical prostectomy versus a chemo radiation treatment of a localized slow growing tumor. When health care professionals can successfully manage to remove or go around barriers, whether real or perceived, the goal of seeking medical intervention is improved.Health care professionals can attempt to proveed sufficient triggers so that the behavior can be motivated to crap compliance to screening. The advanced nurse practitioners challenge will be to first establish trust and reputation as a caregiver who cares and is approachable educate the population of the high risk group to the benefits of early detection versus late discovery provide easy access to screening and the do up phase of the intervention and maintain confidentiality.Peer group discussions with professionals ha ve shown to aid in getting better compliance (Plowden, 2009). The African-American males decision making process when considering prostate cancer screening is influenced greatly by cultural mores and beliefs. These cultural beliefs often lead to a lower rate of compliance to free screening versus all other races i.e. Caucasians, etc. Leisinigers cultural diversity theory can be used to effectively educate and increase compliance by teaching practitioners ways to overcome these cultural barriers. By following the concepts of care, caring, and understanding feelings of self, as well as the feelings of others, it is possible to overcome cultural barriers. flora CitedCherath, Lata, et al. Prostate Cancer. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Vol. 5. Detroit Gale, 2011. 3578-3584. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. LATEST RESEARCH Faster Prostate Cancer Growth In Black Men?. Prostate Disorders (2011) 31. Health Source Consumer Edition. Web. 7 Dec. 2012 Prostate Cancer. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations), National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. .

Women And Their Adversities Essay Example for Free

Women And Their Adversities EssayWoman, half of the population is do up of us. Woman is the m other of life. If we argon not here, there will be no father, no sons, no hus chevrons, and no human beings. Adversity is a very difficult situation or job that you face in lifetime. Every day women around the world face their adversities because of their sex, their colour, their religion, and what they wear.Good morning, every unrivaled I am Alice Walker. I am a black char. From my experiences I have to say being a woman in a patriarchal society is not easy, and being a black woman is pull down harder. I lost one of my eyes when I was eight. It was the one of the major adversities in my life. And I overcame it by working to my full potential in school. Education plays a big part in my life. I overcame many adversities by education. The education I am talking about is not just pass to school and learn the thing in the textbook. It can similarly mean watching TV, read book, and nur ture new things and skills.I believe that the quickest way to learn new things is through the media. One of my favorite(a) movies is called Paradise Road. It based on a true World War II story. It tells a crowd of women with different background who were held captive in Singapore by the Japanese in 1942. With the support from one another and their incredible braveness they survived the inhumane conditions in the concentration camp. They formed a music band with their voice, which expressed their unbreakable spirit of survival. The strong bonding developed among them and their courage touches me and inspires my writings.I also ilk to read novels and poems. In the poem Legend by famous Australian poet Judith Wright, the adventure of a blacksmiths male child was described. It shows the aspects of the human journey of transformation and growth through adversities. I always believe that the Blacksmiths male child in the poem symbolise all of us, especially those willing to climb mo untains on their both physical and mental journey of life. It gives me strength and courage when I am in face of my adversity, if a young boy can do it, so can I.Once I read a novel called The cage of Butterfly by Brian Castle. Some people said it is a novel for children. But I come back it suits everyone in todays society, just like the poem Legend does. It talks about how a group of young people tendinged other five children to escape from the lab in which they were used as lad rats. It explores the agency of love, unity and intimacy among these young people. It shows me that no matter how weak you are, with true love and true friendship everything is possible in life.Ive gained knowledge and inspiration from others work, and used them as sources for my own writings. My novel The Colour olympian tells the life story of a black woman Celie. From the beginning of her life, because of her gender and her colour, she experienced environmental adversities in patriarchal society, such as the discrimination from the white people and also from her people who had lighter skin. She also experienced physical adversity caused by her stepfather who raped her and sold her two children. Because of the lack of education and poverty, which were the other two adversities faced by her, she developed a low self-esteem and a negative hint towards men and it soon became the psychological adversity for her. After she married Mr.__, her life was miserable filled with thralldom and abuse from her husband.But thankfully she met a series of other black women who became her salvation Nettie, her beloved babe Shug, a woman with free spirit Sofia, the strong-willed daughter in law whose strength and courage inspire her and Squeak, who goes through awakenings of her own. In the process of escape from the cage of abuse and discrimination, the strong relationship surrounded by these women gave her inspiration and both emotional and physical support. Celie finally found the new mea ning of life. My experiences of racism and sexism and the things I saw and heard about sex abuse, low education and poverty has influenced my writing deeply.The life of Celie was special K in her time, and we know, it is still happening in the society today. May be less, but there are cases like this. Probably those women are sitting with us in this room now. They need our support and love. If we dont help them, no one can. Remember we are all women, blackwomen. We are meant to be free and bonk happily in the sun. We are not nothing we are everything that we want be.

Democratic Society Essay Example for Free

Democratic Society EssayThe conducted study revealed that both away and intimate factors atomic number 18 of great importance for facilitation democratic changes in growing countries. Some observers argue that democratic outcomes are strongly related to the extent to which power holders have been encouraged by pressure from various external and national sources for example, internationally, from foreign governments granting financial aid and, at home, from civil and political society to allow citizens great participation in the political arena.Others suggest that democratic progress is primarily associated with an array of domestic factors affecting political outcomes, including level of economic development, quality of political leadership and political culture. It seems that truth, as usual, lies somewhere in between. Without a doubt, globalization of democratization encourages developing countries to keep up to date and join the process of internationalisation of ec onomic growth and get profit from widening of free markets, reinforced by new operator of international communication.But our study proves that to promote democratization the developing nation has to maintain multiple domestic conditions such as adherence to sustainable economic development and willingness to allocate public resources in good manner, strong middle class, powerful and soundly structured civil society, effectively functioning multi-party system, and liberal political culture. Thus, economic development proved to be the most important predictor of democratization.It seems that, once a res publica achieves a certain degree of economic development, additional economic growth is an important ingredient for the developing countrys continued progress toward further democratization. Our study demonstrated that continued democratization of developing countries depends heavily on their economic liberalization, supported by the increased purchasing power of the people.The em pirical findings cited in our study clearly showed that the unique Confucian or Islamic political culture/civilization does not prevent the internationalization of national economies from affecting the degree of democracy. It seems, therefore, that states may be able to delay, but not negate, the process of political liberalization induced by economic liberalization. As the economic opportunities increase for individuals and privy businesses, their awareness of the potential for improving their civil liberties also increases.Subsequently, they will begin to demand more freedom. It seems, therefore, that the advantage of the standard of living and the popular involvement in the economic and political decision-making are critical for long-term democratization in developing countries.ReferencesArblaster, A. (1999). Democratic Society and Its Enemies. In P. Burnell P. Calvert, (Eds. ), The Resilience of Democracy Persistent Practice, abiding Idea, special issue of Democratization, 6(1), 33-49.

The Birthmark as a Symbol Essay Example for Free

The nevus as a Symbol testifyIn Nathaniel Hawthornes, The Birthmark, the symbolism is quite evident of the nevuss upon Georgianas face. It represents Aylmers struggles with spirit and acquisition, through his repeated attempts of the removal of it. This clash amidst science and nature illustrates the concept of humankind versus woman, through the femininity of nature and the masculine traits of the world of science. passim the story, nature is portrayed as fair(prenominal) and is even present through Georgiana. This is in the same focusing how science is show as masculine and symbolized through Aylmer. The conflicts between science and nature are exemplary of mans need to control women. Eckstein say, modern science is basically a masculine endeavor (p512), as strong as, genius ismetaphorically female (p513). All through history, people have referred to nature with the preceding word of nature, atomic number 82 one to the belief that nature is in feminine. Mary Rucker sees how Aylmer is intimidated by Georgiana, Aylmerfears sexuality (p445), specifically feminine sexuality. Aylmer is concerned with controlling his wife, and her appearance. This shows the theme of men versus women.Aylmer saw Georgiana as an object of perfection, with the unlession of the birthmark. Before he met her, all of his heart went towards science, and the art of perfecting nature, possessed this degree of faith in mans ultimate control over nature (p 29). This illustrates his obsession with perfecting what was already to be had. Soon after he married Georgiana, he became fazed with the mark upon her face. He allowed his fascination with science to become intertwined with his love for Georgiana, Aylmer, elevated his wife into a scientific enigma to be solved (p366). In this way the birthmark seems to be almost mocking his attempts at ever-changing nature, which is representative of Georgiana s femininity, Attempting an operation for the removal of the Birthmark. But the deeper the knife went, the deeper sank the hand (p 31). This represents the constant struggle for science to overcome nature, for mans need of control to be satisfied.For men of science, nature is an enemy, just as Aylmer the birthmark becomes a rival. His hunger for perfection was so great, and it upset him that his wife was perfect in all respects except for the mark upon her cheek. The mark of imperfection nature gives us, fatal flaw of humanity, which Nature, in one shape or an new(prenominal), stamps ineffaceably on all her productionsto implytheir perfection must be wrought by toil and pain ( p30). This shows how the birthmark was a way for Nature to put up a fight against science. That, perfection, is not what Nature intended, and the yet way to achieve perfection was not going to be easy. Georgiana, with the birthmark, says in Natures defense, It is terrible to possess much(prenominal) power or even to dream of possessing it (p34). It is almost as though she is speaking f or and possibly cosmos one with Nature. She does not wish to rid herself of her imperfection. This is also one way in which her being emblematical of nature, and thus creating the suggestion that Nature is feminine. As the story continues, she is more and more swayed by Aylmers attempts at the removal. However, nature stands strong and the mark remains.The struggles between science and nature go back and forth, matching each other in strength throughout the story. It begins when Aylmer (representing science) marries Georgiana (representing science), and the battle for dominance commences. As he battled with her birthmark, nature would not permit it go, and the birthmark remained on her face. He was not content with the idea that he (science) could not control everything. As the last of his potions is tested upon his wife, the birthmark finally begins to fade. As Aylmer is becoming excited about his apparent success, his assistant, Aminidab (who represents Nature as well, Vast str ength, his shaggy hair, his smoky aspect, indescribable earthinessrepresent ed mans physical nature (p33).) laughs.He realizes that you can not overcome all of Nature and is mocking Aylmer this way. As the birthmark completely disappears, Georgiana dies. This shows how the birthmark representing Nature in essence wins the battle against science, the gross fatality of earth exult in its invariable triumph over the immortal essence (p40). Although, the science was correct, and she was rid of the mark, it mattered no longer because this perfection was no longer living. The Birthmark portrays how although man and science may everlastingly try to overcome nature and imperfections, Nature willalways win out in the end.Hawthornes, The Birthmark, is a perfect example of the struggle between science and Nature. It represents how man will always try to find something to fix with science, so as to overcome nature and our internal imperfections.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is an examination of the duality of human nature Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is an examination of the duality of human character EssayDiscuss the duality expressed not solely in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, but as well as in other characters.It is believed that on that point be two part to a person good and deplorable. In intimately people the good status is stronger and the evil office is repressed. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the repression of Dr Jekylls evil side has made it croak much stronger and eventually when the evil side is released it takes over and changes the balance of good and evil in Dr Jekyll. The evil side becomes dominant.In the Victorian era science was a very interesting topic as Charles Darwin had just come forth with his conjecture of evolution and more facts ab place the evolution of man were existence found out. Charles Darwin claimed that humans, over m any years of time, had descended from the apes this shocked legion(predicate) people in Victorian quantify as they were very religious and strongly beli eved in God, and felt like any other theory than the one in the Bible was unbelievable.In the novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the duality of human nature is shown as a split of good and evil. Robert Louis Stevenson shows that there are two sides to everyone this is especially shown in Dr Jekyll. Dr Jekyll has a good side to him that his friends see, he is portrayed as a kind, sensible and well mannered man, but he also has a side of him that wants to break free and not pay off to be sensible and well mannered.The parts that Hyde is mentioned in the account book are usually to do with crime or violence, and anyone who spoke of him felt that there was whateverthing strange and eerie about him. Our introduction to Hyde is him trampling a girl on the floor. Mr Hyde broke out of all bounds, and clubbed him to the earth.Hyde is described is compared to an Ape and other animals by many different people, it is almost as if when Jekyll reads into Hyde he is evolving backwards, becoming more ape-like. Hyde is the personification of Jekylls evil side. It wasnt like a man it was like some unlucky Juggernaut.Whereas Dr Jekyll is described as A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast perhaps, but every determine of capacity and kindness.Our introduction to Jekyll is at a dinner party, where he is civilised, sociable and elegant.As Jekyll is such a good man it is strange that he would let a man like Hyde comport a key to his house so he may come and go whenever he pleases. Why does Hyde only enter the house through the laboratory door? It is also extraordinary that Jekyll did not mention Hyde to any of his other friends. Mr Utterson and Dr Lanyon possess been friends with Dr Jekyll for many years but they both do not appear to have their own key to his house. It is suspicious that Hyde goes into Jekylls house in the middle night at comes out with a cheque signed by Dr Jekyll. Is Hyde blackmailing Jekyll?In Victorian times it is highly unlikely that anyone would have guessed that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde were the equal man. This is because they have completely different characteristics and qualities Hyde is short, whereas Jekyll is tall. But to the modern reader it is in some graphemes obvious that they are the same man Hyde and Jekyll are never around at the same time.Other characters in the book who have met Mr Hyde describe him as wicked looking and having an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation. Mr Hyde appears to have some kind strange of aura about him that makes other people around him nervous and scared. He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but he gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sudate on me like running.Dr Jekyll, however, seems very sociable and pleasant to look at. But the reader knows that Dr Jekyll has a revolting secret. A secret that is so awful, it cause Dr Lanyon to break their friendship and eventually resulted in Dr Lanyons death. I am quite don e with that person and I beg that you will spare me any allusion to one whom I regard as dead.In the novel, before the revelation, Jekyll allows Hyde to become increasingly stronger. Jekyll finds that he cannot control the transformations, and they happen without him taking any of his potions. I was slowly losing hold of my original and better self, and becoming slowly incorporated with my second base and worse.Not being able control the transformations means that Dr Jekyll is unable to see anyone, and when Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield see Dr Jekyll at his window, Jekyll begins to transform and has to slam the window shut before the other men see. But Mr Enfield and Mr Utterson did catch a flitting look of what was happening on the other side of the window. They saw it but for a glimpse, for the window was forthwith thrust down but that glimpse had been sufficient, and they turned and left the court without a word.Mr Utterson is a odd character in the novel. His friendship with M r Enfield is particularly strange. It was reported by those who encountered them in their Sunday walks, that they said nothing, looked singularly dull, and would hail with obvious relief the appearance of a friend.It seems rather odd that the two men would go out every week, but do not seem to like each other. Mr Utterson must have some secrets and strange history that is not mentioned in the novel. And though he enjoyed the theatre, he had not pass the doors of one for twenty years.Mr Utterson seems to keep himself to himself. He does not talk about his feelings and thoughts or his past, and to Mr Enfield he merely talks at all. Yet when Mr Utterson has a drink at a dinner party something eminently human beaconed from his eye, this may be some part of him that wants to be expressed and let loose and he is just managing to repress it.After the revelation Dr Jekyll claims that man is not truly one, but truly two. He thinks that every soul contains two parts good and evil. But one i s always dominant. In the case of Dr Jekyll it appeared that the good side was the dominant side but after the transformations it was realised that really the evil side was dominant, and had somehow become stronger than the good side by being repressed for all those years.The novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde shows a lot of different sides of the duality of human nature good and evil, right and wrong. These differences are shown in many of the characters in the novel. The book emphasises the goodness of Dr Jekyll and evilness of Mr Hyde, however is also points to Mr Utterson and Dr Lanyon who both display moments when they too have unstable characters.

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Example for Free

flavour and Crimes of Harry Lav rester EssayThe Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender is abomination novel about contemporary Australian life, written with all the ambiguity and moral sophistication of most who dun-nits . It looks like crime, and sounds like crime, and sells like crime, but its Literature Its first step is a subversion of the genre a reversal of expectation as we are duped into believing this is your regular(prenominal) male private eye (P. I. ). The role reversal a female in a conventional male dominated field women can do everything men can do challenges the stereotypes of traditional crime fiction. Purpose (themes, concerns, issues main ideas.)1. To create a sense of place Sydney. Marele Day had spent four long time travelling the world and when she came back to Sydney recognised its special charm and atmosphere. She became determined to write a guard about it and its special appeal. a) Find references to Sydney, favourable and unfavourable. * what as pects are emphasized? * In totality how does Day present Sydney? * what are the links with the past? * what is meant by the facade of Sydney? 2. Corruption and suspicion vs probity and trust. 3. Effect of applied science have we become dehumanised? Will technology take over from humans?* What is the relationship amongst humanity and technology? 4. Isolation Most of the characters are isolated in one way or another. * Find as many examples of closing off as possible. * What overall comment is made about isolation? * Is there a connection between it and technology? II. TECHNIQUE 1. Day uses a lot of the proficiency of modern day films especially the black and white scenes on Harry Lavender. How is he portrayed? He is very detached and aloof. We the audience get to see and hear what Claudia is not privy to. Are these extracts from the parole Mark Bannister was writing? 2. Comment on Claudia Valentines PhrasingClaudia speaks in the manner of a hard-boiled worldly wise Private Inve stigator (P. I. ). slick, glib, swaggering, at times sassy (cheeky) and sometimes natural language in cheek. Live fast, die young, and leave a good looking corpse (22) I was ever-changing cars more often than I changed my underwear (101) But its one Itll be dead end if you dont. Now move (162) Word Play Double entendre (meaning) It must have been a plant. A lavender plant. (126) Terminal illness (6, 17, 20, Alter, (141 curse, cursor (143 heart ( 55, waiting for the developers to give them a new deal of life, or maybe just a new lease. (69) Humour wit I wait for insolent men to pass by and ash on their heads (23) one of the agent and two of the latter, and the former is former her reply to Steve regarding her marital status. ( 27) You put it away, Otto, you dont know where its been. Thats the trouble, he moaned, it hasnt been anywhere lately. (53) social commentary Divorced? Isnt everyone? (27) I had made a mistake acquiring into a car with a law-abiding policeman You young folk are always in a hurry, she said managing a smile. (45) pollution and syringes (54), women (54), fast food (68)

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay Example for Free

minginess of HCL affecting out firmament to vol ratio EssayThe research question that this report is going to question is What is the relationship between compactness of hydrochloric astringent (HCl) and the identify of public exposure? My hypothesis for this research question is that turn in pass judgment of spreading will be observed when the agar-agar blocks are placed in upshots of distinct parsimoniousnesss of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of spreading will also increase due to the steep concentration gradient created.To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used, I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from dark-green to pink when open(a) to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks, I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with satisfactory proportionalitys of 3. 0cm by 1. 0cm by 0. 5cm. Then I prepared 5 different concentrations of HCl with equa l volume of 5cm3 in test tubes, which were 0. 0M. 0. 2M, 0. 4M, 0. 6M, 0. 8M and finally 1. 0M of HCl.Then, I placed the agar blocks into respective test tubes, measuring the clock organizen for the agar blocks to turn from green to completely pink. This was repeated 2 to a largeer extent prison terms, having 3 site of readings in total. The results collected showed an increasing trend in the rate of diffusion as the concentration of HCl increased. This clear supported the hypothesis I derived at. (227 words) ? Content Page Abstract2 Content Page3 Introduction4 Research question4 dead reckoning4 Introduction (2)5 Literature look back5 Methodology6 Results8 Results (2)9 Discussion10Limitations11 Improvements11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ? Introduction Research question How does change in concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of diffusion through the agar blocks which contain starch stained with universal indicator, speckle keeping surrounding temperature, the climb up area to volume ratio of agar blocks used and the volume of solution to which the agar blocks were placed constant? Hypothesis Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl.As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created ? Introduction (2) Literature Review Diffusion is known as the net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient. There are few factors that affect the rate of diffusion, the time taken for both regions to have equal amount of particles. One of them is temperature.It is known that temperature has the greatest encumbrance on diffusion rates and is the easiest of the factors to change. Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. This is because particles with more(prenomi nal) energy can move to the region of lower concentration with more speed and more easily. Similarly, profound the temperature will lower the diffusion rate by lowering the energy of each particle. Another meaning(a) factor that changes the rate of diffusion is the concentration gradient, which we will be exploring in this experiment.The rate of diffusion depends on the difference between concentrations across the region of lower concentration and higher concentration, with steeper concentration differences resulting in higher diffusion rates (Simon 2013). This can be explained by Ficks Law, which can be summarised by this equation Rate of diffusion is proportional to(surface area x difference in concentration )/(Length of diffusion path). From the equation derived from Ficks Law, it is clearly seen that the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) will increase the rate of diffusion (Michael Kent 2000).This theory can be used to explain real life situations, like how human lungs take in type O and give out carbon dioxide in a split second. It is due to the great difference in concentrations of both gases (very steep concentration gradient) that allows relatively fast rate of diffusion. For instance, when breathing in, the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is very high compared to that in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Thus, rate of diffusion is great, allowing oxygen to diffuse as fast as possible. (BBC 2013) Methodology plank 1.1-Table of variables and how it is controlled VariablesDetails of variablesHow it is controlled Independent VariableConcentration of HClConcentration of HCl is controlled by the amount of distilled piddle added to HCl. For example, in order to achieve a concentration of 0. 2 moldm(-3), 1. 0 cm3 of 1 mol of HCl is added, with 4 cm3 of distilled water added. Dependent VariableRate of Diffusion The time is taken by a stopwatch until the agar block turns pink in colour completely. Controlled VariableTemperatur e of the surrounding Surface area to volume ratio of the agar blocksVolume of solution to place the agar blocks into. Temperature is set at an air-condition room in a Biology lab The agar blocks are cut into resembling length, same breadth and same height (3. 0 cm by 1. 0 cm by 0. 5cm), thereof having the same volume and surface area. This ensures the ratio is the same. The volume of solutions used is kept the same at 5. 0cm3. Table 1. 2-Apparatus used in the experiment Apparatus QuantityUncertainty 2% Starch Agar (Universal Indicator stained) 1. 0 M Hydrochloric Acid (aq) Deionized Water Stop Watch20. 01sThis power be due to the in sinless cutting of the dimension of the agar blocks. It could also be due to our inability to decide whether the agar blocks have turned completely green to pink in colour. Thus, the calculated rate of diffusion could have changed. Limitations many(prenominal) of the results were not as accurate as it was difficult to see whether the agar blocks have turned altogether pink in colour. Some of the agar blocks still had strips of green in them when we removed it from the solution and cut it. This could have affected the time taken for the agar blocks to turn entirely pink and thus, affecting the rate of diffusion.The temperature of the solutions containing the agar blocks might not be constant throughout the whole experiment. This can be due to holding of test tubes with our transfer and also putting it down again several times. The heat from the hand might get transferred and the temperature might be altered. This can affect the time taken for the agar blocks to turn completely pink, as higher temperature induce faster rate of diffusion. Some of the results are not very accurate as the surface area to volume ratio was not constant for all the agar blocks tested.One of the reasons is due to the limit amount of agar blocks that were allocated for each bench. Another reason is that it was difficult to use the knife provided to cu t the agar blocks in a straight manner and as accurately. This limitation can affect the time taken for agar blocks to turn pink, followed by the rate of diffusion, as some blocks are bigger while some are smaller than the others. Improvements In order to make sure that the agar blocks have turned entirely pink, use a light and put it in a white background where the colour changed is more visible.Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Place the test tubes in a water bath where the temperature can be kept constant at the temperature of tap water. This way, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Lastly, use a stamp with all the desirable dimension of the agar blocks measured. This way, not only is it convenient, it also helps us acquire the accurate dimensions of the agar blocks, having the same surface area to volume ratio for all the agar blocks. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. ConclusionIn conclusion, the readings a nd the derived results in the form of tables, and line graph support my hypothesis, which is Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. With the derived conclusion, it shows that in order for rate of diffusion to be greater, higher concentration of the solution mustiness be used, so that the concentration gradient is steeper.

Important Event in Chinese History Essay Example for Free

Important shell in Chinese History EssayThe May Fourth gallery ( handed-down Chinese simplified Chinese pinyin Ws Yndng) was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political yarn-dyement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919, protesting the Chinese governments weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially the Shandong Problem. These demonstrations sparked national protests and pronounced the upsurge of Chinese nationalism, a shift towards political mobilization and away from cultural activities, and a move towards populist base rather than intellectual elites.The broader use of the term May Fourth Movement practically refers to the period during 1915-1921 more often called the New Culture Movement. Back shews Following the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown. This marked the culmination of thousands of years of top executiveful imperial rule, and theoretically ushered a new era in which political power rested with the people. However, the reality was that China was a fragmented nation dominated by warlords, who were more have-to doe with with their own political powers and private armies than national interests. The Chinese Beiyang government was occupied with suppressing internal affairs, and did little to coming back the influence exerted by imperialist foreign powers.The Beiyang government made various concessions to foreigners in order to sop up monetary and military support against their rivals. Defeats by foreign powers and the presence of spheres of influence inflamed a brain of nationalism among the emerging middle class and cultural leaders. Leaders of the New Culture Movement believed that traditional Chinese values were responsible for the political weakness of the nation. This created a rather peculiar situation, in which Chinese nationalists called for a rejection of traditional values and the selective adoption of Western ideals of science and democracy.May fourth Movement (Chin ese Students Protest) In 1989 there were growing economic hardship caused by high inflation set the ground for a large-scale protest movement by students intellectuals and other parts of a disaffected urban population. University students and other citizens in Beijing camped out at Tiananmen Square to protest against those who slowed reform. Protests also spread to umteen other cities including Shanghai and Guangzhou.Martial law was declared on May 20 1989, military units were deployed in Beijing.Demonstrators were conquer brutally, most observers believe that casualties numbered in the hundreds.The entire world expressed horror at the brutal downsizing of the demonstrators, the central government eliminated opposition, held in custody large numbers of protesters and urged for required political re-education not moreover for students but also for party cadre and government officials.

Chronically Mentally III Population Essay Example for Free

chronically Mentally III Population EssayThe main focussing of extract and federal policies lies on the provision of support and long-term trade services to the individuals with signifi understructuret disabilities or those who argon very old. These individuals, almost one and a half million, are taken care of in the treat home offices and Medicaid covers almost half of the thorough cost charged by nursing homes for their institutionalization (Tallon, 2007).While the total population of this special group of individuals only accounted for only 7 percent of the total population back up by Medicaid, it became expensive for Medicaid to support them as they accounted for almost half of the total expenditure of Medicaid. Policy makers thusly focus on changing the predominant service locus to community and home based from nursing homes (Diamond, 2009). Deinstitutionalization of individuals suffering from chronically affablely ill differs depending on the objectives and polic ies adopted from time to time.However, the interventions utilise to deinstitutionalize chronically genially ill patients tend to share some lessons and parallels. History of chronically noeticly ill population As state objectives and policies change over time, the history of the chronically rationally ill population in the fall in States has experienced significant transitions. Initial interventions, as from 1955 to 1980, policies and objectives were aimed at moving the chronically mentally ill individuals from the overt mental hospitals owned by the state (Tallon, 2007).As a result of these efforts, the population of individuals residing in man mental health facilities reduced to 154,000 from 159,000 (Tallon, 2007). Later, there were approaches aimed at expanding and improving an array of services as sound as supportive measures for chronically mentally ill in the community. at that place was massive closure of whole institutions which resulted to an increased emphasis on the rights which secured integration of the community. The rights that were emphasized included the right to cast equitable access to housing (Bailey, 1999).States could fund small pilot programs since the community for those individuals who positively responded to antipsychotic agents which begun to be available. Thereafter, the national deinstitutionalization feces officially got launched through the programs for community mental health centers in 1965 (Tallon, 2009). Concerns over institutional conditions and the rights of citizens propelled further the motif for the movement. The courts because limited the repress of involuntary institutions and set minimum standards that were critical for institutional care (Diamond, 2009).The gaucherie by states between sites of institutional care was fuelled by federal policy. The Commission on Mental health Centers Construction (CMHC) program was intensively expanded in 1970s (Tallon, 2009). The coverage for Medicare and Medicaid was wide and it included mental healthcare services. Income support was mainly provided by the SSI (Supplement Security Income) program as well as the kindly Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) (Tallon, 2009). The psychiatrist beds in community care increased in number after federal Medicaid provided sufficient funds as incentives.This saw the state moving individuals to the nursing home thus capturing the reimbursement from Medicaid which was not easy to find in mental hospitals of the states. In general, the overall progress of institutionalizing became vastly slow as the resources that were critical for community care. Until 1993, there were relatively fewer mental health dollars controlled by the state which armed serviced to assist in community care programs other than other state institution (Tallon, 2009).Although hopeful models of successful community care were provided and experimented, these models were rarely evaluated with rigor. They were also rarely integrated into t he standard models (Tallon, 2009). The Nature of Chronically Mentally Ill Chronically mentally ill individuals suffer from bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, recurrent and sever notion as well as other several conditions which worsen their quality of living. A number of mental illnesses exist where some of them include schizophrenia, depression, dementia and bi-polar disorder (Szwabo, 2007).Individuals suffering from chronically mentally illnesses may commit signs such as mental disturbances but these presentations vary depending on the type of disorder and age. Chronic mental illness produces major impairments in human functioning for a long period of time which commonly covers the entire life span of an individual. For the chronically mentally ill individuals to get attention from the society, they require to conduct with policy makers nigh a bureaucratic maze (Szwabo, 2007).A very ugly history about the chronically mentally ill patients exists where individuals used to be lock ed up and then forgotten. Today, there has been an emergence of state of the art hospitals, thanks to the historical forces (Bailey, 1999). The chronically mentally ill however, have been reported to face good problems including incarcerations in the dust of the criminal justice. This indicates how history is repeating itself and moving back to the pre-asylum ages when chronically mentally used to be locked in almshouses (Szwabo, 2007).However, the shift in the locus and pattern of mental healthcare that arise from the deinstitutionalization forces have all resulted in the missing link between the problem definition and modern efforts used to shout the problem (Diamond, 2009). There also seems to be a lack of consensus on the clear mark lines which go around define the chronically mentally ill individuals. There are no clear boundaries which can serve as a scientific guideline for national policy making process.Todays approaches of preaching of the chronically mentally ill have incorporated trans-institutionalization, increased support from the family and the shunting into the system of criminal system (Szwabo, 2007). It is apparent that this special population seriously requires socialization, in-patient care and shelter. Common Clinical Issues and Interventions in the pull offment of chronically mentally ill individuals Care provision to the chronically mentally ill makes adequate planning, apt and committed healthcare providers from both clinical and social capacities and financing programming.There are many issues which need to be resolved in order to tackle challenges facing effective management of chronically mentally ill patients. Some of these issues are affinity for mental healthcare services, availability of mental healthcare provider, care planning and broader case management coverage, education and training in mental health, and warehousing of the patients (Szwabo, 2007). Lack of parity continues to be an issue in the provision of healthca re among mental healthcare providers.This is due to the low measuring of reimbursement made to social and nursing work. There is an intense lobby for social workers and advanced nurses to be reimbursed differently. There is also an inadequacy for the provision mental healthcare services. For instance, the reimbursement for the psychotropic which is an essential part of chronically medically ill is still inadequate (Szwabo, 2007). There is need to provide medical treatments apart from the psychiatric treatment interventions.However, major problems such as lack of adequate geriatrics to address the rising population of the senior have always been a weakness to the management of chronically mentally ill patients. It is also ascertained that attending to chronically mentally ill patients in nursing homes require access to suitable mental healthcare amenities. Unfortunately in many situations, access to living facilities, programs, trained staff and oversight becomes intemperate to a fford. Education and training for mental healthcare professions is inadequate as they lack facilities for long-term care (Bailey, 1999).It then appears that most managed care programs for chronically mentally ill patients are poorly managed, designed and therefore do not offer the required standards. The traditional mental healthcare systems only focus on cut down the costs of operation while failing to address the important element of patient care. In a capitated mental healthcare, the systems prompt physicians and other caregivers to limit medications to the least minimum in an effort to only manage overt symptoms. The practice literally condemns chronically mentally ill patient to medical starvation doses (Bailey, 1999). sum-up and Future Considerations While the incidences of chronically mentally illnesses have increased and their prevalence well documented, there are still problems related to the use and access of general medical care. For effective management of chronically m entally illness in the future, there should be proper education for the healthcare providers about the condition. Service planning, outreach and sagacity are also important elements in improving the way the condition is being managed.Mental healthcare providers should perform good service delivery monitoring and advocacy. In case of limitations of healthcare providers, psychiatric nurses can take the roles of consultation and supervision. The nurse can also execute roles as a nurse practitioner and deliver services in primary care. In the society, members of the family having an individual suffering from the condition should not set down him or her. Instead, they should care for and encourage the patients.

Effects of Type 1 Diabetes on Pregnancy

Effects of guinea pigcast 1 Diabetes on motherhoodIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a serious endocrine trouble haved by a deficiency or atrophied effectiveness of the hormone insulin and is categorized into two sub-categories, suit 1 and event 2, together with the lesser cognize variant gestational diabetes (Burden, 2003, pp30-32). Type 1 diabetes is sight to be a genetically controlled autoimmune disorder that presents in childhood and is also know as juvenile onset diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in older, obese individuals however, this type of diabetes is becoming increasingly more common among children and adolescents. Debatably, this is because of the amplification in childhood obesity because of the sedentary lifestyle some children be adopting in todays society. There is also an genetical predisposition to type 2 diabetes. If one or twain p atomic number 18nts accept type 2 diabetes the offspring is at an change magnitude risk of getting the turn back (Rosenbloom et al, 1999, pp345). It is important to differentiation that gestational diabetes that is a complication of motherhood is different from the preexisting diabetes in pregnancy that pull up stakes be discussed in this essay.It is thought that round third to five portion of pregnancies are complicated by type 1 diabetes. During pregnancy diabetes mellitus groundwork behave a damaging detrimental affect on both maternal and foetal wellness. Conversely, diabetes is affected by the physiological changes that take place during pregnancy (Bewley, 2002, pp47-48).This essay provide examine the effects of type 1 diabetes on a seventeen year old (Carol) that is six-spot workweeks pregnant. The essay leave behind start by investigating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in order to acquire a global picture of the illness. The aetiology and physiology of type 1 diabetes go away then be discussed. This essay will then go on to consider the signs and symptoms of the condition and its effects on Carol now and in the future. Next the complications of diabetes in general and during pregnancy will be discussed, considering the effects on Carol and her unborn child. The effects of type 1 diabetes on the developing embryo, foetus and mother will be addressed. Finally, the hereditary link for type 1 diabetes will be considered and the essay will then be concluded.EpidemiologyDiabetes mellitus is a growing global and public health problem. The World Health Organisation (2006, p1) estimates that the problem could escalate to an estimated three hundred cardinal people by 2025. It is thought that approximately one and a half million people in the United Kingdom have diabetes mellitus. Type 1 accounts for approximately twenty percent of cases of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than eighty percent of cases with more than one million people diagnosed in the United Kingdom (Burden, 2003, pp30-32).The aetiology and physiology of type 1 diabetes mellitusThis section focuses on the causes of disease and the biological aspects of diabetes mellitus. As mentioned type 1 diabetes results from the complete absence of the hormone insulin that is involved in glucose metabolism. It is thought that it is an autoimmune disease in which the probosciss immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that are embedded in the tissues of the pancreas (See draw 1). plot 1, this shows the islets of Langerhans that are deeply embedded with the tissues of the exocrine pancreas (http//cal.man.ac.uk/student_projects/2000/mnby7lc2/pancreas.htm). plot 1The pancreas has two functions the exocrine cells contract digestive fluids and the endocrine cells produce hormones. It is the endocrine insulin producing beta cells that are important in the role of diabetes mellitus. The beta cells (see diagram 2) make insulin and when the bodys immune system attacks it results in the destruction of these cells. As the cells die insulin take assures and the consequences of this are impairment in function of, and dam date to many of the organs in the body.Diagram 2 shows the insulin producing beta cells that are found in the islets of Langerhans (http//cal.man.ac.uk/student_projects/2000/mnby7lc2/pancreas.htm). Diagram 2It is not kn experience hardly what triggers this immune attack, but susceptibility to the disease dexterity be hereditary. The autoimmune attack whitethorn be triggered by reaction to a virus infection. The attack is thought to be carried out by the T cells of the immune system (Waugh and Grant, 2001, p234).In Diabetes mellitus there is too much glucose in the origin. When carbohydrates are eaten they are wiped out(p) down into glucose. This process is known as gluconeogenesis and occurs in the liver and kidneys. The level of glucose in the blood is set by the naturally occurring hormone insulin. Insulin promotes transport and entry of glucose into t he bodys cell and tissues. Glucose is essential to the proceeds of energy within the cells and without it cellular finish will occur (Tortora and Grabowski, 2003, p627).Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitusThis section will examine the signs and symptoms that Carol would have exhibited before diagnosis and during the course of the condition. The initial clinical indication of untreated diabetes relates to elevated blood sugar levels, and loss of glucose in the urine. When there are excessive amounts of glucose in the urine, water system is taken out of the body in large amounts by the process of osmosis (Waugh and Grant, 2001, p235). This results in polyuria (increased urine output) and that leads to dehydration. dehydration causes polydipsia (increased thirst) leading to increased fluid consumption. The inability to utilise glucose energy eventually leads to weight loss patronage excessive hunger (polyphagia). Dramatic weight loss would have been a clinical sign exhibit ed by Carol. Some patients also complain of fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Patients with diabetes are prone to developing infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas this is because hyperglycaemia skunk disrupt the action of phagocytes that are help to fight infection. The immune system in diabetes sufferers is suppressed and this limits the bodys ability to resist invasion by bacteria or viruses. Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can lead to blurred vision and extremely elevated glucose levels can lead to lethargy. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious medical condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes. Ketoacidosis is caused by lack of insulin and occurs when the body uses fat as an energy source and ketones build up in the blood. Ketoacidosis starts slowly and builds up to a stern condition that can result in coma and assertable death (Burden, 2003, pp30-32).Carol may have exhibited all or some of these symptoms when scratch line diagnosed and she is exhibiting symp toms of weight loss, tiredness and mood changes at present. Debatably, this is because here blood glucose levels are uncontrolled due to her pregnancy. Having said this however, research has found that adolescents (in particularly girls) are not nimble in all aspects of managing their condition. Having a certain level of hyperglycaemia will enable a psyche to eat, yet remain thin. In todays society that is obsessed with thinness teenage girls might undertake such an action (Carson, 2000, pp36-37).Complications of diabetes mellitus in general and during pregnancyThere are many long clinical complications of diabetes that affect various systems and organs of the body. Having diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing irreversible microvascular or macrovascular disease. Microvascular diseases include retinopathy, kidney disease and neuropathy and macrovascular diseases include ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. These disease are all a result of poor glycaemic control (Donnelly et al., 2000, pp1062-1066). Diabetic retinal and renal disease will be discussed in more detail as pregnancy can result in further complications and poor pregnancy outcome.Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease that can lead to blindness. The longer a person is diabetic, the higher the chances are of developing the condition. It is thought that prolonged periods of hyperglycaemia cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina at the bum of the eye. Diabetic retinal disease can deteriorate during pregnancy and poor glycaemic control in the first trimester is associated with the progression of retinopathy (Hill, 2004, p40-44, Donnelly et al, 2000, pp1062-1066). Carol should have her retinas examined at the start of her pregnancy to establish if she has pre-existing retinopathy. If retinopathy is diagnosed than Carol will need to have regular eye tests to monitor the condition. Continuous good glycaemic control will stop the condition from progressing .Diabetic renal disease or nephropathy is again caused by hyperglycaemia resulting in damage to the capillaries in the kidneys. The kidneys are then unable to undertake filtration of amino acids and this leads to hypertensive disease. Women who have pre-existing nephropathy are at an increased risk of poorer pregnancy outcomes. This is because high blood pressure as a direct result of nephropathy can cause pre-eclampsia. This in turn can cause premature delivery and maternal death (Donnelly et al, 2000, pp1062-1066, Hill, 2004, pp40-44). It is important therefore, that Carols blood pressure is monitored passim her pregnancy as hypertension is a sign of pre-eclampsia (Bewley, 2002, p50).Effects of type 1 diabetes on the developing embryo, foetus and motherIt is suggested that type 1 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy puts the foetus and the developing babe at far greater risk than is imposed on the mother. Various, potentially damaging problems can hold water from foetal reactions to maternal glucose levels. Therefore, if a mothers glucose levels are high, the foetus will have correspondingly high levels (Bewley, 2002, p51).If a mothers blood glucose levels are continuously high (hyperglycaemia) during the first-trimester there is an increased risk of congenital anomalies such as neural tube defects that include spina bifida, abnormalities of the heart and anatomical abnormalities of the bones (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, CEMACH, 2005, p37). neuronal tube defects are major bloodline defects of a babys brain or spine. They go along when the neural tube (that later turns into the brain and spine) does not develop in a correct anatomical manner resulting in damage to the brain or spine (Tortora and Grabowski, 2003, p1073). This happens within the first few weeks that a woman is pregnant, often before a woman knows that she is pregnant.Another condition that is attributed to maternal diabetes is that of Polyhydramnios. This is the medica l condition of too much amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. Polyhydramnios is generally due to maternal diabetes and is thought to be caused by increased foetal urination. This is caused by the elevated amount of glucose in the mothers blood that sail the placenta and makes the blood of the foetus hyperglycaemic. This results in increased urine output from the foetus. In pregnancies affected by Polyhydramnios, approximately twenty percent of the neonates are born with a congenital anomaly of some type. There are a number of risks that are increased in polyhydramnios including cord prolapse, placental abruption and perinatal death (Pilu Nicolaides, 2006)Other adverse neonatal conditions that are attributed to maternal diabetes are neonatal mortality, premature birth, hypoglycaemia and an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (Bewley, 2002, p51). There is also an increased risk of macrosomia that can lead to an increase possibility of shoulder dystocia and an assisted del ivery. Macrosomia is related to maternal hyperglycaemia and is characterised by larger-than-normal birth weight in a newborn at over 4500 grams (10 pounds). High levels of glucose in the mothers blood readily pass done the placenta to the developing baby stimulating insulin production in the baby. Insulin is a potent growth hormone and so fat is deposited which can result in a large baby. This can cause shoulder dystocia and birth trauma because the baby will not easily fit through the birth canal. Postpartum, the newborn continues to produce excessive quantities of insulin that can result in the infant being hypoglycaemic.The mother has an increased prevalence of pre-eclampsia, postnatal infection, postpartum bleeding, and caesarean section (Reece et al, 2004, p169) .It appears from the research indicated that Carol needs to have optimum glucose control for her own health and for that of her baby. Women with type 1 diabetes should have a pre-conception glucose level within normal limits that is an HbA1c of below 7 percent. The management of pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus should begin prior to conception (Reece et al, 2004, pp481). However, at seventeen it is rather possible that Carols pregnancy was unplanned.Is type 1 diabetes mellitus hereditary?It is thought that there may be a genetic or inherited susceptibility to diabetes. If a parent has type 1 diabetes, the chance that their children will be affected is about twenty-five to forty percent. In the instance of type 1 diabetes various genes have been indentifyed that might predispose an individual to the disease. Therefore, it is suggested that this genetic mutation might submit an individual to diabetes. It is debated that a genetic element is not, in itself enough to cause autoimmunity. It is suggested that external influences such as a viral infection are thought to trigger the disorder. It can be said that type 1 diabetes is an immunological disease that has a genetic ba ckground cause (Littorin, 2001, pp1033-37). It is possible therefore, that Carol has inherited a genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from her mother, but environmental factors might activate the true(a) disease.ConclusionDiabetes is an increasingly common disease that if not controlled can cause a number of disenable lasting complications that can have a destructive influence on both quality and bar of life. Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune disease that leads to the complete destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is needed to help glucose enter the cells of the body. Glucose is required in the cells to produce energy for normal cell function. It is possible that there is an hereditary link that predisposes an individual to the condition.As Carol was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the age of seven and she has had difficulty in controlling her blood glucose levels, she is at an increased risk of developing diabetic c omplications. It appears that her pregnancy will also intensify the effects of some of the complications affecting both her own health and that of her baby. It is suggested that Carol needs to attain good glycaemic control for her own health and for the health of her baby.BibliographyBewley C (2002) Diabetes in pregnancy. nurse Standard, 16, 25, 47-52.Burden M (2003) Diabetes signs, symptoms and making a diagnosis. Nursing Times, 99, 1,30-32.Carson C (2000) Managing adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nursing Times, 96, 45, 36-37Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health Pregnancy in Women with Type 1and Type 2 diabetes in 2002-03, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. London CEMACH 2005.Diagram 1 and Diagram 2 http//cal.man.ac.uk/student_projects/2000/mnby7lc2/pancreas.htm, date accessed 23/11/2006.Donnelly R, Emslie-Smith AM, Gardner ID and Morris AD (2000) Vascular complications of diabetes. British Medical Journal, 320, 1062-1066.Hill J (2004) Identifying and managing the complications of diabetes. Nursing Times, 100, 34, 40-44.Littorin B (2001) Family Characteristics and Life Events originally the Onset of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes in Young Adults A nationwide study. Diabetes Care, 24, 1033-1037.Pilu G and Nicolaides KH (2006) The 18-23 week scan Polyhydramnios. http//www.fetalmedicine.com/18-23scanbook/Chapter14/chap14-03.htm, date accessed 23/11/2006.Reece EA, Coustan DR and Gabbe SG (2004) Diabetes in Women Adolescence, Pregnancy and Menopause. 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.Rosenbloom AL, Young RS, Joe JR and Winter WE (1999) emerge Epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. Diabetes Care, 22, (2), 345-354.Tortora GJ and Grabowski SR (2003) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 10th edition, New Jersey, John Wiley Sons, Inc.Waugh A and Grant A (2001) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. 9th edition, London, Churchill Livingstone.World Health Organisation (2006) Diabetes. Fact flat solid N312, September 2006, http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ date accessed 23/11/2006.