American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18

Chapter 15 Elizabeth Cady Stanton One of the most prominent leadership of the 19th century and leaders figure of the early womans body social activist/abolitionist Opposed the 14th and fifteenth amendment be stir it did nothing to enfranchise women Leader of the National Suffrage Association Crop-lien/Sharecropping suppuration of cotton and pledge a part of the crop as verificatory Sharecropping initially arose as a compromise in the midst of blacks desire for terra firma and planters demand for labor discipline System allowed each black family to hitch a part of a plantation with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year Guaranteed the planters a immutable resident labor force Black CodesLaws passed by the new southerly disposals that attempted to regulate the lives of the creator slaves Granted blacks certain rights legalized marriage, ownership of property, and moderate access to courts Denied them rights to testify against whites, serve on juries or in allege militias, or to vote Declared that those who failed to sign yearly labor contracts could be arrested and hired out to white earthly concernowners Thaddeus StevensRadical who represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives Wanted to confiscate the land of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South plan proved to be too primary Hiram Revels Mississippi representative for the U. S. Senate during Reconstruction Served as chaplain in the wartime Union legions and became the number 1 black senator in American history Enforcement Acts of 1870-1871 Outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the hot seat to use the army against them Continued the elaboration of national authority duringReconstruction. define crimes that aimed to deprive citizens of the civil and semipolitical rights as federal offenses rather than violations of render law Klan detailually went out of existence U. S. v Cruikshank overthrew the Enforceme nt Acts U. S. v Cruikshank rule that the due process and equal protection clauses applied only to conjure action and not to actions of individuals Case that gutted the Enforcement Acts by thro come alongg out convictions of some of those responsible for the Colfax Massacre of 1873 Election of 1876/Bargain of 1877Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes representative nominee Samuel J. Tilden Election so close that whoever captured SC, FL, or LA would win Bargain sexual relation appointed a 15-member electoral commission Members unyielding Hayes carried the disputed southern carrys, and therefore, won Reconstruction Act of 1867 temporarily divided the South into 5 military districts and called for the creation of new maintain governments, with black men given the right to vote Passed by Congress over Johnsons veto Chapter 16 Railroad Strike of 1877 ka with child(p) Railroad Strike first national labor walkout When workers protested a fee cut that paralyzed rail traffic, milit ia units tried to force them sand to work The call for revealed a strong sense of solidarity among workers and close ties b/w the Republican party and the new class of industrialists Aftermath government constructed armories to ensure troops would be in hand in the event of labor difficulties Henry George, Progress and Poverty Influential writer on social issues during the Gilded AgeHe identified the monopolization of land as the cause of social inequality Progress and Poverty offered a critique of the expansion of poverty amid material abundance Book proposing more optimistic remedies for the anisometric distribution of health His solution single taxwhich would replace new(prenominal) taxes with a levy on increases in the value of real estate it would be so high that it would prevent speculation in some(prenominal) urban and rural land George rejected the traditional equation of acquaintance with ownership of land saw government as a repressive position Sherman Ant-Trust Ac tBanned combinations and practices that restrained free trade unfeasible to enforce Helped to establish the precedent that the national government could regulate the parsimony to promoted the public good Lochner v New York/Liberty of Contract grand Supreme court voided a state law establishing ten bits per solar day or sixty per week as the maximum hours for bakers Battle at Wounded Knee Soldiers opened fire on Ghost Dancers encamped near(a) Wounded Knee Creek, killing b/w 150 and cc Indians Marked the end of four centuries of armed conflict b/w the continents native population and European settlers and their descendantsAndrew Carnegie Established a vertically integrated steel company one that controlled every flesh of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Dominated steel industry K iniquitys of Labor commencement ceremony group to try to organize unskilled workers as skilled, women alongside men, and blacks as well as whites Wan ted to end the use of public and close police forces and court injunctions against strikes and labor organizations Thomas A. Edison whiles superlative inventor Invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power Opened first electric generating station U. S. Steel Company Founded in 1901 maintained labor policies held by Andrew Carnegie lower wages and opposition to unionization Chapter 17 Omaha Platform, 1892 society design adopted at the formative multitude of the Populist Party Represents the merger of the agrarian concerns of the Farmers Alliance with the free-currency monetarism of the Greenback Party while explicitly endorsing the goals of the largely urban Knights of Labor.Tom Watson Georgias leading Populist who worked the hardest to forge a black-white alliance Made vicious speeches lash up prejudice against blacks, Jews, and Catholics Kansas Exodus Some blacks sought a air out through emigration from the South 40, 000 to 60, 000 African Americans migrated to Kansas seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity Exodus derived from biblical enumerate of Jews escaping slavery in Egypt Ida B. WellsNations leading antilynching reformer insisted that given the conditions of southern blacks, the US had no right to call itself the land of the free New Immigrants 3. 5 million newcomers seeking jobs in the industrial centers of the North and Midwest Described by native-born Americans as members of straightforward races, whose lower level of civilization explained everything from their willingness to work for substandard wages to their so-called inborn tendency toward criminal behavior Business Unionism Womens Christian Temperance UnionLargest female organization comprehensive program of economic and political reform including the right to vote must drop out the idea that weakness and dependence were their nature and join assertively in movements to change society Frances Willard President Election of 1896 Republicans met the silverite challenge insisting that specious was the only honest currency Republican nominee William McKinley Sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign because of the amount of money spent Democrats and Populists back up William Jennings Bryan McKinley was the winner Platt AmendmentDrafted by Senator Platt of Connecticut Authorized the US to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit US also acquired a permanent consider on naval stations in Cuba Had to be approved forrader Cuba could recognize their independence Chapter 18 Muckraking The use of journalistic skills to split up the underside of American life Theodore Roosevelt came up with the term New immigration Began around 1890 and reached its peak during the Progressive Era People came from southern and eastern Europe 13 million came to the US, the majority from Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian empireFordism Conce ntration on standardizing create and lowering prices Moving assembly line car frames brought to workers on a continuously moving conveyor belt Fordism economic system base on mass production and mass consumption Lawrence, Mass. , strike of 1912 When the state legislature enacted a 54 hour workweek, employers reduced the weekly push home pay of those who had been laboring longer hours Workers spontaneously went on strike and called IWW for assistance Children strikers left the city, and city officials locateed that no more children could take leave LawrenceSamuel Golden RuleJones Gilded Age mayors who pioneered urban Progressivism Instituted 8 hour day and paid vacations at his factory that produced oil drilling equipment Founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported right of workers to unionize Jane Addams Eras most prominent female reformer Believed womans life should be governed by the family claim the obligation to devote herself to parents, h usband, and children break up of the Hull House in 1889 settlement house devoted to alter the lives of the immigrant poorJohn Muir Organized the Sierra Club to help preserve forests from uncontrolled enter by timber companies and other intrusions of civilization Federal Trade electric charge Second expansion of national power in 1914 Established to ask and prohibit unfairbusiness activities such as price-fixing and monopolistic practices Welcomed by many business leaders as a means of restoring order to the economic marketplace and warding off more radical measure for hold back corporate power