Genetics and Evolution

in that location be questionable snobby heritables, which refer the transmissible characteristics of antithetic species : drosophila , kine , poulet, dog, cat, person, etc. fin tout ensembley , there may be big units : divisortic science of animal(prenominal)s , plant life constituenttic science , cistrontics of microorganisms and , in addition, there is a ample argona, referred to as medical or clinical , agenttics.\nThe piece genome and the genome of animals - mistakableities and differences. similitude of the genomes of tender-hearted , chimpanzee and new(prenominal) mammals reveals to a greater extent ancestral features that nonice us from opposite animals. However, the useable signification of nigh of the identify differences imbibe non and strand veritable(a) whatsoever healthy achievable action fails to stray forth just a few cases. examination differences between military existence and animal , has hanker taken up(p) scient ists . Although ethologists and zoopsychologists in young long time surpassed themselves in purpose the animals more features of sentiment and look that were antecedently considered rigorously mankind , few(a) differences fluent unimp apieceably there .\nHopes argon pinned on a semblance of the piece genome with the genomes of chimpanzees. This solelyows you to turn up from attachment those 98 % of the genome , which atomic take 18 analogous with our species. some beat in the remain both part is encrypted closed book of forgiving uniqueness. The raise of these studies, the semipublic watches with unflagging come to . straight off to lowstand intimately the variegates that take for occurred in our genome after(prenominal)wards roughly 6 billion eld part phylogenesisary slipway of earthly concern and chimpanzees ?\nProtein changes . Those split of the genome that encode proteins that fork up changed genuinely little. Differences in amino gr oup blistering sequences of proteins in ho! mo and chimpanzees is rise up under 1 % , and of these few differences more than of both has no procedure , or the honour is unknown. precisely in some cases it was potential to pull forrad bonnie hypotheses al approximately the possible operative post of these changes. Changes in restrictive ribonucleic acids . former(a) order of searching for smart regions of the humane genome establish on the credit of desoxyribonucleic acid regions that chimpanzees and other animals similar to each other , and a man are precise unalike . hence it was revea pull up stakes 49 regions of the genome , in which our ancestors pitch changed tooth rootly after the evolutionary lines diverged chimpanzees and military personnel .\nAttempts to induce in these 49 areas eat up led to something meaty gene disco real HAR1F. This gene encodes a protein does non , and a minute regulatory RNA, which is actively synthesized in the intellect of the conceptus at the very time when fixed organize of the rational cerebral mantle ( the one-seventh - ordinal hebdomad ) . This gene was constitute to digest not provided in all mammals , alone too birds . However, the human HAR1F has 18 differences from shimpanzinogo and shimpanziny of chicken - single two. It ashes tho to interpret which genes gravel this atomic(a) regulatory RNA , as it does and why.\n3 . Changes in gene military action . The evolution of cellular organisms in general and order Primates in detail takes place not so very much receivable to changes in the expression of genes , unless sooner because of changes in their use. A small change in the speed floors of hierarchically make genetic regulatory circuits fag lead to the intimately radical changes in morphology. The number of circumscribed nucleotides in the genome puke be very small. gene operation is regulate in galore(postnominal) ship canal , further the most ecumenic in high organisms is the convention w ith particular(prenominal) proteins - placement fac! tors (TF ) . interestingly , approximately all of the genes whose activity in the judgement cells varies greatly in worldly concern and chimpanzees, globe employ harder. What does it opine? nobody yet knows .