Chromosome Number 13

UNKNOWN FRONTIERS : CHROMOSOME 132007 apprehension has built a reputation for prison-breaking boundaries . Science never treads lightly alongthe great unexplored frontiers , whether those frontiers be pose , sea or any other intent ofwonder and hypothesis . Yet perhaps humanityeity s most enduring rarity resides in itselfWhether one considers the human mind or the human physical structure , no subject has remained as openor as murky . Psychology has ch on the wholeenged the complexities of human thought and cognitionfor all over a snow , but the physical workings - the sanctioned expression blocks - of one-on-ones stoodimmersed in secrecy for centuries . Only in novel decades have the questions found a hint of ananswer . Only tardily have third simple letters transformed the focal point we view recognition , separately oth sequencend humanity as a collective satisfying . The discovery of DNA created a reach reaction whichbrought formerly alien terms such(prenominal) as elements and chromosomes into general consciousnessToday , overdue to the Human Genome Project , we know that each gene - and each chromosome - provides a vital link in our bodies prudish surgery . Let us consider one chromosome -Chromosome 13 - as a representative of humanity s most underlying building blocksHistoryA brief consideration of Chromosome 13 s annals must(prenominal) of necessity begin with the birthof transmitted science itself . Chromosomes were first ascertained in the 1880s . Through thisrevolutionary finding , scientists eventually gained break dance taste into the structural makeup ofDNA . Chromosomes exist in twosome , and each pair is connected by chemical bases (genesGenes indeed produce a wide range of traits within individuals . fifty days later on , BarbaraMcClintock a nd Harriet Creighton pioneered work in genet! ic recombination (Berg and Singer31 . Chromosomal study (cytogenetics ) real broke ground in 1953 , when Francis Crick andJames Watson discover the persona helix structure in DNA . Three years later , scientists finallypinpointed the precise egress of chromosomes in the human body - 46 .

As scientists uncoveredthe fundamental principle of chromosome research , the next travel involved identifying individual chromosomesstudying abnormalities , and ontogeny methods that would assist in some(prenominal) of these aims ( AHistory of the Human Genome Project 1195 . The 1960s and mid-seventies brought importantfindings regarding chromosomal defects such as Down Syndrome , Edward s Syndrome , andPatau Syndrome (the first discovered Chromosome 13-associated ailment This era alsowitnessed the development of early banding techniques and rice beer in karyotyping (creatingmaps of individual chromosomes (Gelehrter and Collins 87-88 . In addition , Frederick Sangerintroduced the serviceman to the first sequenced genome in 1977 ( Chromosome 13 Wellcome TrustSanger Institute . The 1980s ushered in more travel techniques namely fluorescent in situhybridization (FISH (Billings and brownish 37 ) excessively , Leroy Hood and Lloyd Smith developedsociety s first automatize sequencing machine . By 1990 , scientists were more than ready for thenext revolutionary timber - a part of the entire human genetic pro By all regards , theHuman Genome Project is a resounding triumph , decoding over three billion nucleotides andidentifying twenty-thousand plus genes in its short history ( A History of the Huma n GenomeProject 1195 . Chromosomes 13 and 19...If y! ou want to produce a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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